Encapsulation of Operations Encapsulation of operations refers to the behavior of objects in object−oriented database systems(ODBS)through the responsibilities that can be carried out. Objects can be created, changed, retrieved, or deleted by the use of encapsulation of operations. Customers simply receive knowledge of the operations like interface or signature and aren't made privy to how those operations are honestly achieved. The implementation includes the specification of any hidden internal information systems in addition to the common sense that determines the operations, while the interface presents the call and parameters of each action. ODBs offer a sure stage of abstraction ... Read More

Since Natural language can be open to multiple interpretations at times, this would pass on to the computers who will try to understand the natural language input given to them. Often, it can be difficult to fully understand a sentence when we are not given enough context or if there is poor grammar. In this article we will be going over many different types of ambiguities that are found in NLP. Part Of Speech (POS) Tagging Ambiguity POS tagging refers to the process of classifying words in a text to a part of speech - whether the word is ... Read More

Language models in NLP are statistically generated computational models that capture relations between words and phrases to generate new text. Essentially, they can find the probability of the next word in a given sequence of words and also the probability of a entire sequence of words. These language models are important as they help in various NLP tasks such as machine translation, language generation, and word completion among others. You may not realize it, but when typing on computers or phones often the corrections made and your writing are essentially guided by NLP; Word completion and sometimes error detection ... Read More

Operating systems play a vital role in managing computer resources and providing a platform for executing programs. Two common types of operating systems are Time Sharing Operating Systems and Multiprogramming Operating Systems. While both aim to improve resource utilization and user experience, they differ in their approach to achieving these goals. Time Sharing Operating Systems Time Sharing Operating Systems (TSOS) focus on providing an interactive computing environment where multiple users can simultaneously access the system and share its resources. TSOS achieves this by rapidly switching between different user programs, giving each user the illusion of having dedicated access to the ... Read More

Introduction The means of two groups are compared in statistics to see if they differ substantially from one another using a two-sample t-test. The test is frequently employed in scientific studies to ascertain whether two groups differ significantly on the basis of a continuous variable. In this article, we'll look at how to use Python's scipy.stats module to perform a two-sample t-test. Conducting a Two Sample T-Test Let's first understand the theory underlying the two-sample t-test before moving on to the implementation. The test assumes that the two sample populations are normally distributed with similar variances. The two groups' means ... Read More

Introduction One Sample T-Test is a statistical hypothesis test used to determine whether a population mean is significantly different from a hypothesised value. Python gives us the resources we need to carry out this test. In this article, we will walk through how to conduct a One Sample T-Test in Python using the SciPy library. Conducting a One Sample T-Test The first step in conducting a One Sample T-Test is to state the null and alternative hypotheses. The null hypothesis is the assumption that the population mean is equal to the hypothesized value. The alternative hypothesis is the opposite of ... Read More

Introduction Due to its capacity to recognise spatial characteristics in images, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been extensively used in image classification applications. A well-liked open-source machine learning package called PyTorch offers assistance in creating and honing neural networks, including CNNs. In this article, we'll go over how to use PyTorch to create a CNN-based image classifier. Dataset Let's first talk about the dataset before getting into the specifics of the implementation. The CIFAR-10 dataset, which has 60, 000 32x32 color images divided into 10 classes with 6, 000 images each, will be the one we use for this course. ... Read More

The task is to build an application which displays an expression and prompts for the answer. Once you enter the solution a new expression is displayed and these expressions keep on changing. After a certain amout of time the solution given for the respective application were evaluated and the total number of accurate answers were displayed. Methods (User defined) in the Game The section will walk you through the methods (and constructor) that are part of the implementation and their roles in the “Calculate Expression Game”. CalculateExpressionGame() This is the constructor of the calculateExpressionGame class. It sets up the ... Read More

HTML tags are used to design the skeleton of websites. We pass information and upload content in the form of strings enclosed within the tags. The strings between the HTML tags determines how the element will be displayed and interpreted by the browser. Therefore, the extraction of these strings plays a crucial role in data manipulation and processing. We can analyse and understand the structure of the HTML document. These strings reveal the hidden pattern and logic behind the construction of a webpage. In this article, we will be dealing with these strings. Our task is to extract the ... Read More

Python strings are sequence of characters that represent information or data. A normal string can contain various characters that are enclosed within single or double quotes but an Alphanumeric string only consist of digits and letters. Both alphanumeric and non-alphanumeric strings are used and applied in various scenarios including password protection, data processing and validation, formatting etc. Specific patterns can be identified and extracted. We can also provide different combinations using these types of strings. We will perform an operation based on these strings. Our task is to extract a string till first non-Alphanumeric character is encountered. Understanding the ... Read More