If a binary tree is traversed in-order, the left subtree is visited first, then the root and later the right sub-tree. The output the key in ascending order in in_order traversal. This is a C++ Program for Inorder Tree Traversal without Recursion.AlgorithmBegin      Function inOrder():       Declare a stack s.       Declare the current node as root.       While current node is not null and stack is not empty do          While current node is not null do             Push the current node on the ... Read More

An array is a collection of elements of the same type such as integers, string, etc. Array in STL In C++ Standard Template Library (STL) , we use std::array container to create arrays with a fixed size. the size cannot be changed once created. It works like a normal array but with extra features like knowing its own size and working with STL functions. Syntax Following is the syntax to create an array in C++ STL: array(data_type, size) array_name = {va1, val2, ...valn}; Here, data_type: It specifies the type of data array will accept. it can be any ... Read More

In C++, a vector is a dynamic array provided by the Standard Template Library (STL) that can grow or shrink in size and can store multiple elements of the same type (like int, string, etc.). Instead of accessing elements one by one using indexes like vec[0], vec[1], etc., The C++ provides helper functions like begin() and end() that return iterators. These iterators make it easy to loop through the vector from start to end, especially for loops. The vector::begin() Function The vector::begin() function returns an iterator pointing to the first element of the vector. Syntax vectorname.begin() Parameters This function does ... Read More

vector insert() function in C++ STL helps to increase the size of a container by inserting the new elements before the elements at the specified position.It is a predefined function in C++ STL.We can insert values with three types of syntaxes1. Insert values by mentioning only the position and value:vector_name.insert(pos, value);2. Insert values by mentioning the position, value and the size:vector_name.insert(pos, size, value);3. Insert values in another empty vector form a filled vector by mentioning the position, where the values are to be inserted and iterators of filled vector:empty_eector_name.insert(pos, iterator1, iterator2);AlgorithmBegin    Declare a vector v with values.    Declare ... Read More

unordered_multimap swap() function in C++ STL is used to swap the elements of one multimap to another of same size and type.AlgorithmBegin    Declaring two empty map container m, m1.    Insert some values in both m, m1 map containers.    Perform swap() function to swap the values of m, m1 map containers.    Printing the swapped values of m map container.    Printing the swapped values of m1 map container. End.Example Code Live Demo#include #include using namespace std; int main() {    unordered_map m, m1; // declaring m, m1 as empty map container    m.insert (pair('b', 10)); ... Read More

unordered_multimap size() function in C++ STL returns the number of elements in the unordered map.AlgorithmBegin    Declare an empty map container m.    Performing reserve function to restrict the most appropriate    bucket_count of the map container.    Insert values in the map container.    Print the size of the unorderd multimap container by using the size() function. EndExample Code Live Demo#include #include using namespace std; int main() {    unordered_map m; // declaring m as empty map container    m.reserve(6); //restricting the most appropriate bucket_count of map container    m.insert (pair('b', 10)); // inserting some values    m.insert (pair('a', 20));    cout

The unordered_multimap reserve() function in C++ STL sets the number of buckets in the container to the most appropriate number so that it contains at least n elements.If n is greater than the current numbers of bucket multiplied by the max_load_factor, the container’s number of buckets is increased and a rehash is forced.Reserve () returns nothing and take n as a parameter which specifies the minimum number of elements as per requested minimum capacity.AlgorithmBegin    Declare the vector m.    m.reserve(6) = the size is reserved for the bucket to contain minimum number of one elements.    Insert the key ... Read More

The unordered_multimap rehash(N) function in C++ STL sets the number of buckets in the container to n or more. A rehash is forced if n is greater than the current number of buckets in the container. The new bucket count can either be equal to or greater than n. The function may have no effect on the bucket count and may not force a rehash if n is lower than the current number of buckets in the container. Rehash () returns nothing and take n as a parameter which specifies the minimum number of buckets for the container hash table.AlgorithmBegin ... Read More

STL Priority Queue is the implementation of maxheap.This is a C++ program of STL priority queue for structure.AlgorithmBegin    Define a structure of type student.    Initialize variables in student structure.    Define another structure of type comparemarks    Overload the variables of student structure in comapremarks    structure.    Use priority queue with structure.    Insert some elements in priority queue using student structure.    While the queue is not empty do       Print the elements. End.Example Code Live Demo#include #include using namespace std; #define ROW 6 #define COL 3 struct student { //defining the student ... Read More

The begin() and end() functions are member functions of the std::set container, which is defined in the header file. The std::set in C++ STL (Standard Template Library) always stores its elements in sorted order. So when you use begin() and end() functions, the elements in the set, which are automatically arranged in sorted order (from smallest to largest by default) retrieve the smallest as the first element and largest as the last element. The begin() and end() functions are used to loop through all elements of the set. The std::set uses bidirectional iterators, where you can: ... Read More