A media type, also called a MIME type, identifies the format of a piece of data. In HTTP, media types describe the format of the message body. A media type consists of two strings, a type and a subtype. For example −text/htmlimage/pngapplication/jsonWhen an HTTP message contains an entity-body, the Content-Type header specifies the format of the message body. This tells the receiver how to parse the contents of the message body.When the client sends a request message, it can include an Accept header. The Accept header tells the server which media type(s) the client wants from the server.Accept: text/html, application/xhtml+xml, ... Read More

Reflection is when managed code can read its own metadata to find assemblies. Essentially, it allows code to inspect other code within the same system. With reflection in C#, we can dynamically create an instance of a type and bind that type to an existing object. Moreover, we can get the type from an existing object and access its properties. When we use attributes in our code, reflection gives us access as it provides objects of Type that describe modules, assemblies, and types.Let us say we have a property of type double and in the runtime we actually have the ... Read More

A static constructor is used to initialize any static data, or to perform a particular action that needs to be performed once only. It is called automatically before the first instance is created or any static members are referenced.Static constructors are useful when creating wrapper classes for unmanaged code, when the constructor can call the LoadLibrary method. Static constructors are also a convenient place to enforce run-time checks on the type parameter that cannot be checked at compile time via constraints.Static constructors have the following properties −A static constructor does not take access modifiers or have parameters.A class or struct ... Read More

Every machine on a network has a unique identifier. Just as you would address a letter to send in the mail, computers use the unique identifier to send data to specific computers on a network. Most networks today, including all computers on the internet, use the TCP/IP protocol as the standard for how to communicate on the network. In the TCP/IP protocol, the unique identifier for a computer is called its IP address.Using HttpRequest.UserHostAddress propertyExampleusing System.Web.Mvc; namespace DemoMvcApplication.Controllers{    public class HomeController : Controller{       public string Index(){          string ipAddress = Request.UserHostAddress;     ... Read More

|| is called logical OR operator and | is called bitwise logical OR but the basic difference between them is in the way they are executed. The syntax for || and | the same as in the following −bool_exp1 || bool_exp2bool_exp1 | bool_exp2Now the syntax of 1 and 2 looks similar to each other but the way they will execute is entirely different.In the first statement, first bool_exp1 will be executed and then the result of this expression decides the execution of the other statement.If it is true, then the OR will be true so it makes no sense to execute ... Read More

Step 1 −Create a new windows service application.Step 2 −For running a Windows Service, you need to install the Installer, which registers it with the Service Control Manager. Right click on the Service1.cs[Design] and Add Installer.Step 3 −Right click on the ProjectInstaller.cs [Design] and select the view code.using System; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Configuration.Install; using System.Linq; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace DemoWindowsService{    [RunInstaller(true)]    public partial class ProjectInstaller : System.Configuration.Install.Installer{       public ProjectInstaller(){          InitializeComponent();       }    } }Press F12 and go to the implementation of the InitializeComponent class. Add ... Read More

Flattening a list means converting a List to List. For example, let us consider a List which needs to be converted to List.The SelectMany in LINQ is used to project each element of a sequence to an IEnumerable and then flatten the resulting sequences into one sequence. That means the SelectMany operator combines the records from a sequence of results and then converts it into one result.Using SelectManyExample Live Demousing System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; namespace DemoApplication{    public class Program{       static void Main(string[] args){          List listOfNumLists = new List{         ... Read More

ActionName attribute is an action selector which is used for a different name of the action method. We use ActionName attribute when we want that action method to be called with a different name instead of the actual name of the method.[ActionName("AliasName")]ControllerExampleusing System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Mvc; namespace DemoMvcApplication.Controllers{    public class HomeController : Controller{       [ActionName("ListCountries")]       public ViewResult Index(){          ViewData["Countries"] = new List{             "India",             "Malaysia",             "Dubai",             "USA",   ... Read More

There are several ways to read a text file line by line. Those includes StreamReader.ReadLine, File.ReadLines etc. Let us consider a text file present in our local machine having lines like below.Using StreamReader.ReadLine −C# StreamReader is used to read characters to a stream in a specified encoding. StreamReader.Read method reads the next character or next set of characters from the input stream. StreamReader is inherited from TextReader that provides methods to read a character, block, line, or all content.Exampleusing System; using System.IO; using System.Text; namespace DemoApplication{    public class Program{       static void Main(string[] args){       ... Read More

Use string instance string repeatedString = new string(charToRepeat, 5) to repeat the character "!" with specified number of times.Use string.Concat(Enumerable.Repeat(charToRepeat, 5)) to repeat the character "!" with specified number of times.Use StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(stringToRepeat.Length * 5); to repeat the character "!" with specified number of times.Using string instanceExample Live Demousing System; namespace DemoApplication{    public class Program{       static void Main(string[] args){          string myString = "Hi";          Console.WriteLine($"String: {myString}");          char charToRepeat = '!';          Console.WriteLine($"Character to repeat: {charToRepeat}");          string ... Read More