Programming Articles - Page 1385 of 3366

In a given matrix, there are four objects to analyze the element position: left, right, bottom and top.Breadth First Search is nothing but finding the shortest distance between the two elements of a given 2-D Matrix. Thus in each cell, there are four operations we can perform which can be expressed in four numerals such as, '2' describes that the cell in the matrix is Source.'3' describes that the cell in the matrix is Destination.'1' describes that the cell can be moved further in a direction.'0' describes that the cell in the matrix can not be moved in any direction.On ... Read More

Let us consider that we have the root node of a binary tree; the task is to find and return the sum of tilt of every node.The tilt of a binary tree is nothing but constructing the binary tree by finding the absolute difference of child nodes in the left subtree and the right subtree in each level. At some particular level, the nodes which don't have any child nodes, we simply tilt by replacing that node with zero.ExampleInputOutput: 15Explanation: Finding the tilt at every level of the given binary tree, The tilt of node 3 = 0The tilt of node ... Read More

TensorFlow Text contains collection of text related classes and ops that can be used with TensorFlow 2.0. The library helps in pre-processing which is required by text-based models, and includes other features that are needed for sequence modelling. These features are not present in TensorFlow.Using the ops during text pre-processing is similar to working with Tensorflow graph. This means the user wouldn’t need to worry about tokenization in training being different from tokenization at interference. Ops also helps in managing pre-processing scripts.It can be installed using the below command:pip install -q tensorflow-textTensorFlow Text requires TensorFlow 2.0, and is compatible with ... Read More

This is the most general way of writing a multi-way decision.SyntaxRefer the syntax given below −if (condition1) stmt1; else if (condition2) stmt2; - - - - - - - - - - else if (condition n) stmtn; else stmt x;AlgorithmRefer the algorithm given below −START Step 1: Declare int variables. Step 2: Read a, b, c, d values at runtime Step 3: i. if(a>b && a>c && a>d) Print a is largest ii.else if(b>c && b>a && b>d) Print b is largest iii. else if(c>d && c>a && c>b) Print c is largest iv. else print d is largest STOPExampleFollowing ... Read More

An expression is a combination of operators and operands which reduces to a single value. An operation is performed on a data item which is called an operand. An operator indicates an operation to be performed on data.For example, z = 3+2*1z = 5Primary expressions − It is an operand which can be a name, a constant or any parenthesized expression. Example − c = a+ (5*b);Postfix expressions − In a postfix expression, the operator will be after the operand. Example − ab+Prefix expressions − n a prefix expression, the operator is before the operand. Example − +abUnary expression − ... Read More

A ‘C’ program contains executable statements. A compiler helps to translate the executable statements into machine language.When a user runs the program, he/she machines the language statements which are executed by the compiler.Types of executable statementsThe types of executable statements in C language are as follows −Input – output statementsAssignment statementsInput-output statementsStoring a value into memory is called ‘input operation’.After executing the computations, the results are stored in memory and the results can be displayed to the user by ‘output operation’.All i/o operations are performed using input / output functions.The most common I/O functions are supplied through the preprocessor directive ... Read More

Let us first understand, what is a variable.VariableIt is the name for memory location that may be used to store a data value.A variable may take different values at different times during execution.A variable name may be chosen by the programmer in a meaningful way, so as to reflect its function (or) nature in the program.For example, sum, avg, total etc.Rules for naming variableThe rules for naming a variable are explained below −They must begin with a letter.Maximum length of variable is 31 characters in ANSI standard. But, first eight characters are significant by many compilers.Upper and lowercase characters are ... Read More

The link and definition sections are called as preprocessor directives. It gives instructions to the compiler to link function from the system library.For example, the definition section defines all the symbolic constants.#includeFor example, #define PI 3.1415The preprocessor directives must start with # symbol.Without link definition the program will not execute for some compilers. It helps the compiler to link the predefined functions from system library.Predefined FunctionsThe predefined functions present in stdio.h are as follows −FunctionDescriptionprintf()Print the character, string, float, integer, octal onto the screen.scanf()Read a character, string, numeric data from keyboard.getc()Reads character from file.gets()Reads line from keyboard.getchar()Reads character from keyboard.puts()Writes ... Read More

In this program, we are trying to sort out the odd numbers and even numbers that are present in one file. Then, we try to write all odd numbers in ODD file and even numbers into EVEN file.Open a file DATA in write mode and write some numbers into the file and later on close it.Again, Open DATA file in read mode.Open ODD file in write mode.Open EVEN file in write mode.Then, perform the operations to check odd and even numbers by using while loop.After that close all files.ExampleFollowing is the C program to handle integer data files using file ... Read More

The pre-processor is a tool that processes the source code before it passes through the compiler. It work as an initial phase of compilation where it operates under the control of different command lines or directives. Pre-processor Directives in C Pre-processor is placed in the source program before the main line, it begins with the symbol "#" in column one and does not require a semicolon at the end. The commonly used pre-processor directives are − #define #undef #include #ifdef #endif #if #else The pre-processor directives are divided into three categories − Macro substitution directives. File inclusion ... Read More