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Operating System Articles
Page 3 of 171
Difference between Hard Real Time and Soft Real Time System
Real time is a system in which a deadline is given and the work has to be completed within the time. If this task is not accomplished within the given time, then there can be a huge loss. There is an operating system called RTOS which can be expanded to Real Time Operating System. The aim of designing this operating system is to manage the time constraints to complete a task or a project. Real time systems can be divided into hard real time systems and soft real time systems. In this article, we will discuss the difference between a ...
Read MoreDifference between Hardware Interrupt and Software Interrupt
Interrupts are the signals in the computer due to which activities of a CPU come to a halt temporarily. When an interrupt occurs, CPU concentrates on those activities which should be given priority. These interrupts are advantageous as more important events can be executed and then preference is given to other activities. Interrupts are of many types and in this article, we will discuss the difference between hardware interrupt and software interrupt. What is Hardware Interrupt? Any type of hardware can be responsible for causing the hardware interrupt. An example can be a failure of a hardware. The reason behind ...
Read MoreExplain the functions of a Physical Layer
The physical layer meets all these requirements out. The set of rules and procedures for interaction between physical layers are called Physical layer protocols. The layer provides a physical connection different from the physical transmission path because it is at the bit level while the transmission path is at the electrical signal level. This physical connection can be a point to point physical connection or point to the multi-point physical connection, as shown in the figure − The physical layer provides its services to the data link layer, the next higher layer of the OSI model. The ...
Read Morertop - An Interactive Tool to Monitor Remote Linux Server Over SSH
Rtop is a live monitoring tool for remote Linux servers connected over SSH. Users can use Rtop to actively monitor crucial server metrics including CPU, memory, network, and disc utilisation. The application gives admins a real-time overview of system performance and enables them to spot possible problems or bottlenecks. Users can browse through various metrics, organise them, and view precise process-specific information using the interactive interface of Rtop. It provides a practical and effective solution to monitor remote servers closely, making it simpler to identify and rapidly address any performance-related issues. Methods Used Command-Line Monitoring Tools Web-Based Monitoring Tools ...
Read MoreConfigure sendmail with Gmail on Ubuntu
Sendmail is a popular mail transfer agent used to send emails from one computer to another. It may installed by default on Ubuntu, which makes it a convenient option to sending emails from server. If you use Gmail, you can configure sendmail to send emails through Gmail account. In this article, we will show you the process of configuring sendmail with Gmail on Ubuntu. Requirements Before starting, there are few requirements that need to configure sendmail with Gmail on Ubuntu − A Gmail account A Ubuntu server Sendmail installed on your Ubuntu server OpenSSL installed on your Ubuntu server ...
Read MoreHow Linux Uses Sockets?
Introduction Linux is an open-source operating system that has gained immense popularity for its stability and security. It is widely used in various fields such as web servers, embedded systems, and supercomputers. One of the key aspects of Linux is its efficient usage of sockets for interprocess communication. Sockets provide a flexible way to establish communication channels between different processes running on the same or different machines connected over a network. What are Sockets? Sockets are a fundamental concept in Linux networking, allowing communication between processes on different computers over a network. In simple terms, a socket is an endpoint ...
Read MoreHow to setup sendmail in ubuntu?
When it comes to sending email using Linux system, there are a few options to choose from. However, Sendmail is popular choices, and for good reason. Sendmail is efficient and reliable mail transfer agent (MTA) that handle large volume of emails. In this article, we will show you step-by-step how to set up Sendmail on your Ubuntu system. Before we start installation process, let's talk to understand how Sendmail works. Sendmail works by accepting email messages from local or remote mail clients, then relaying them to destination mail servers. This messages can delivered to other machines on the local network ...
Read MoreThe traceroute Command in LINUX
Introduction The “traceroute” command is a network diagnostic tool that allows users to track the route that a packet takes from the source computer to the destination. This tool is widely used by network administrators and engineers to troubleshoot network issues such as high latency, packet loss, and connectivity problems. Traceroute works by sending packets with gradually increasing Time-To-Live (TTL) values to the destination. As each packet reaches a router, the router decrements the TTL value by 1 and discards the packet if the TTL value becomes zero. The traceroute command listens for error messages sent back by the routers ...
Read MoreRate-monotonic scheduling
Rate monotonic scheduling is used in real-time operating systems and it is a priority assignment that provides a priority scheduling class. This algorithm assigns the task which has the minimum period will be given the higher priority. So, this algorithm is said a fixed priority algorithm, the time given to the task will not change and this in turn will not change the priority over time. All these priorities will not change over time as they are decided before beginning the execution process. It is a preemptive algorithm where the current process is preempted when another process with higher priority ...
Read MoreRace Condition, Critical Section and Semaphore
Race conditions, Critical Sections and Semaphores are an key part of Operating systems. Details about these are given as follows −Race ConditionA race condition is a situation that may occur inside a critical section. This happens when the result of multiple thread execution in critical section differs according to the order in which the threads execute.Race conditions in critical sections can be avoided if the critical section is treated as an atomic instruction. Also, proper thread synchronization using locks or atomic variables can prevent race conditions.Critical SectionThe critical section in a code segment where the shared variables can be accessed. ...
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