Article Categories
- All Categories
-
Data Structure
-
Networking
-
RDBMS
-
Operating System
-
Java
-
MS Excel
-
iOS
-
HTML
-
CSS
-
Android
-
Python
-
C Programming
-
C++
-
C#
-
MongoDB
-
MySQL
-
Javascript
-
PHP
-
Economics & Finance
Communication system Articles
Found 130 articles
Error detection at its best: Implementing Checksum using Python
In today's world of digital communication, ensuring the accuracy and integrity of data during transmission is vital. One powerful technique to detect errors in transmitted data is called checksum, and Python makes it straightforward to implement. In this article, we'll explore the concept of checksum and its significance in error detection, then dive into how you can use Python to perform these critical tasks for your own projects. What is Checksum? A checksum is a value derived from a data set using an algorithm, serving as an error detection method in digital communications. Its primary goal is ...
Read MoreMessage-based Communication in IPC(inter-process communication)
Message-based communication is a method of Inter-Process Communication (IPC) where processes exchange data by sending and receiving messages. In this communication model, the sending process creates a message containing the data to be shared and transmits it to the receiving process. The receiving process then retrieves the message and extracts the required information. This approach provides a clean abstraction for process communication, allowing processes to exchange data without sharing memory space directly. Message-based communication supports both synchronous (blocking) and asynchronous (non-blocking) communication patterns, making it suitable for various system architectures. How Message-based Communication Works ...
Read MoreMethods in Interprocess Communication
Interprocess Communication (IPC) refers to the mechanisms that allow processes running on the same or different systems to exchange data and coordinate their activities. Since processes typically run in isolated memory spaces for security and stability, IPC provides the necessary channels for them to communicate when they need to share information or synchronize their operations. IPC is fundamental to modern operating systems and enables everything from simple parent-child process coordination to complex distributed computing systems. The primary goals of IPC are to facilitate secure, efficient, and reliable data exchange between processes while maintaining system integrity. Types of IPC ...
Read MoreMultilevel Feedback Queue Scheduling (MLFQ) CPU Scheduling
Multilevel Feedback Queue (MLFQ) is a CPU scheduling algorithm that maintains multiple ready queues, each with different priority levels and time quantum values. New processes start at the highest priority queue, and based on their behavior, they may be promoted or demoted between queues. This adaptive approach balances the needs of both interactive and CPU-intensive processes. Multilevel Feedback Queue Structure Queue 0 (Highest Priority) Time Quantum: 1 Queue 1 (Medium Priority) ...
Read MoreTransmission mode
Communication is defined as the transfer or sharing of data between any two individuals through a medium and the medium can be wired or wireless. In a computer network, the OSI (Open System Interconnection) model has seven layers for the communication networks. The first layer of OSI is the Physical layer that uses the Transmission mode for transferring the raw data to other devices using a physical medium. Transmission mode refers to the process of transferring data from one point to another over a particular network. The channel between the two devices can be buses or networks, and communication ...
Read MoreUnknown Facts Of Networking
Networking is the procedure to connect various devices and systems, allowing communication and exchange of information. It has become a necessary aspect of our day-to-day lives, with the internet and other networked technologies enabling us to work, learn, and socialize on a global scale. Despite its ubiquitous presence, there are many unknown facts about networking that even tech-savvy individuals might not be aware of. In this article, we will explore some of these lesser-known facts and shed light on the fascinating world of networking. Unknown Facts of Networking The First Computer Network Was Created in the 1960s ...
Read MoreWhat is Router?
A router is a networking device that connects two or more computer networks and forwards data packets between them based on logical addressing. It operates at the Network Layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model and uses IP addresses to make forwarding decisions. Routers are essential components in network infrastructure, enabling internet connectivity and inter-network communication. Routers maintain routing tables that contain information about network destinations and the best paths to reach them. They can perform packet filtering, network address translation (NAT), and various security functions to control traffic flow between networks. Router Packet ...
Read MoreError Detection Code-Checksum
In networking systems, data transmission faces challenges from interference, noise, and other disturbances that can corrupt transmitted signals. This corruption can lead to significant problems like data misinterpretation and communication failures. To ensure data reliability, error detection codes like CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) and Checksum are employed. Error detection codes are added to data packet headers, allowing both sender and receiver to perform calculations that verify data integrity. Among these techniques, checksum stands out as one of the most widely used methods due to its simplicity and effectiveness. How Checksum Works A checksum is a computed value ...
Read MoreGPRS architecture in wireless communication
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a packet-switched data service that extends GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) architecture to provide enhanced data transmission capabilities. While GSM uses circuit-switched technology for voice calls, GPRS introduces packet-switched services for efficient data communication. GPRS revolutionized mobile data communication by allowing multiple users to share the same radio resources simultaneously, achieving data rates from 9.6 to 171 kbps compared to GSM's 14.4 kbps circuit-switched data service. GPRS vs GSM Comparison Feature GSM GPRS Switching Method Circuit-switched Packet-switched Data Rate 14.4 kbps ...
Read MoreUnlocking the Secrets: The Power of Message Authentication Codes
The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a critical networking protocol designed to synchronize computer clocks across networks with high precision. In today's interconnected digital infrastructure, accurate time synchronization is essential for maintaining data integrity, ensuring proper system coordination, and supporting time-sensitive applications like financial transactions, security logging, and distributed computing systems. NTP operates over UDP port 123 and can achieve time accuracy within milliseconds on local area networks and tens of milliseconds over wide area networks. The protocol uses sophisticated algorithms to account for network delays and provides reliable time distribution even in environments with variable network conditions. ...
Read More