When each process request for the resources available in the system, the operating system allocates the needed resources for its execution purpose. The resources allocated can be either a hard drive, scanner, any files in memory, or even a printer. Any program that enters into a ready or execution state is termed a process. This program requires resources from one or other processes to complete its assigned task. In a multiprogramming environment, a process may request multiple resources at the same time, so those processes have to be waiting until it receives all the resources. A resource allocator present in ... Read More

In the OSI (Open Source Interconnection) model, the resource reservation model comes under the fourth layer which is the transport layer protocol. This protocol is particularly used for the purpose of reserving network resources. In RSVP, the resources are associated and maintained by the receiver so it is also known as a receiver-oriented protocol. The Real-time system means the work that has to be delivered to the client within a specific time. In this article, two real-time systems are explained using the resource reservation protocol. Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) Definition In networking, Resource Reservation Protocol is used as it provides ... Read More

Deadlock in an operating system happens when a process gets into a waiting state as other processes hold the resources which need to be used. This problem generally happens during multi-processing environments, distributes systems, and parallel computation systems. In distributed systems, deadlocks are considered the major problem, where the resources requested by the process are not available due to other processes holding onto it. A distributed system contains a set of processes p1, p2, p3…pn that do not share a common memory, and communication is made only by passing messages through the network. This does not have a global clock ... Read More

Memory is considered a major part of the operating system to store and access the data. Memory management is a complex task that is performed by the OS when the main memory has limited space and requires more switching operations during multiuser environments. It functions to manage the status of the processes which are in ready, waiting, or execution states and allocates or frees the memory location based on the completion of each process. Each process is allocated to a specific memory location and its status of it is monitored and updated in the memory management system. During a multiprogramming ... Read More

Introduction Each file stored in computer memory has specific information that is given by the user. The files stored in the file system can be in various forms like image, audio, video, text etc. All these forms of data have different format extensions. Operating system is responsible for managing the operations of the file that are stored in the computer. The input file data can be stored in primary memory or secondary memory devices to store and retrieve information. The file is represented in terms of bits, bytes, or any records that can be defined by the author of the ... Read More

Introduction MongoDB is a popular open-source NoSQL database management system known for its scalability, flexibility, and ease of use. If you're using a Linux operating system and looking to install MongoDB Community Edition 4.0, this article will provide you with a detailed guide accompanied by examples and the corresponding command outputs. Prerequisites Before proceeding with the installation, ensure that you have the following prerequisites − A Linux-based operating system (e.g., Ubuntu, CentOS, or Debian). Root or sudo privileges. An active internet connection. Step 1: Import the MongoDB GPG Key To begin the installation process, we first need to ... Read More

Introduction LXC, short for Linux Containers, is an operating system-level virtualization method that allows you to run multiple isolated Linux systems (containers) on a single host. It provides a lightweight and efficient alternative to traditional virtualization technologies. In this article, we will guide you through the process of installing LXC on RHEL, Rocky Linux, and AlmaLinux, three popular distributions known for their stability and security. Prerequisites Before proceeding with the installation, ensure that you have the following prerequisites − A supported version of RHEL, Rocky Linux, or AlmaLinux. Sudo or root access to the system. An internet connection. ... Read More

Introduction SMPlayer is a popular cross-platform multimedia player that supports various formats and codecs. It provides a user-friendly interface and offers advanced features like playback speed control, subtitle support, and YouTube integration. This article will guide you through the process of installing the latest version of SMPlayer on Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint, and Fedora distributions. Installing SMPlayer on Debian-based Systems (Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint) Step 1: Open the Terminal To begin, open the terminal on your Debian-based system. You can do this by pressing Ctrl + Alt + T or by searching for "Terminal" in the applications menu. Step 2: ... Read More

Introduction The LAMP stack, which stands for Linux, Apache, MySQL/MariaDB, and PHP, is a powerful combination of open-source software widely used for web development and hosting. In this tutorial, we will guide you through the process of installing and configuring the LAMP stack on openSUSE, a popular Linux distribution. We will cover the installation of Apache, PHP, MariaDB, and PhpMyAdmin, providing detailed examples and command outputs to ensure a smooth installation process. Step 1: Update System Packages Before we begin, it is essential to update the system packages to ensure that we have the latest software versions and security patches. ... Read More

Introduction The Linux kernel is the core component of the operating system that provides essential functionality and manages system resources. Ubuntu, one of the most popular Linux distributions, usually ships with a specific version of the kernel. However, there may be instances where you want to install a different kernel version to access new features or address compatibility issues. In this article, we will guide you through the process of installing Kernel 3.16, the latest released version, in Ubuntu and its derivatives. We will also provide examples and detailed outputs of commands to help you along the way. Step 1: ... Read More