Found 991 Articles for Electronics & Electrical

Series RLC Circuit: Analysis and Example Problems

Manish Kumar Saini
Updated on 18-Jun-2021 12:52:04

17K+ Views

Consider the circuit consisting of R, L and C connected in series across a supply voltage of V (RMS) volts. The resulting current I (RMS) is flowing in the circuit. Since the R, L and C are connected in series, thus current is same through all the three elements. For the convenience of the analysis, the current can be taken as reference phasor. Therefore, $$\mathrm{Voltage\:acorss\:\mathit{R}, \mathit{V}_{R}=\mathit{IR}}$$$$\mathrm{Voltage\:acorss\:\mathit{L}, \mathit{V}_{L}=\mathit{IX}_{L}}$$$$\mathrm{Voltage\:acorss\:\mathit{C}, \mathit{V}_{C}=\mathit{IX}_{c}}$$Where, XL = jωL = Inductive Reactince,  Xc = 1/jωC = Capacitive reactance. VR  is in phase with I. VL  is leading the current I by 90°. VC  is lagging the I by 90°.The total voltage ... Read More

Series-Parallel Circuit: Definition and Examples

Manish Kumar Saini
Updated on 18-Jun-2021 12:47:21

4K+ Views

A series-parallel circuitis a combination of series and parallel circuits. In this circuit some of the elements are connected in series fashion and some are in parallel.In the circuit shown below, we can see that resistors R2 and R3 are connected in parallel with each other and that both are connected in series with R1.To solve such circuits, first reduce the parallel branches to an equivalent series branch and then solve the circuit as a simple series circuit.Here, RP is equivalent resistance of parallel combination given by, $$\mathrm{\mathit{R}_{p}=\frac{\mathit{R}_{2}\mathit{R}_{3}}{\mathit{R}_{2}+\mathit{R}_{3}}}$$Total circuit resistance (RT) is given by, $$\mathrm{\mathit{R}_{r}=\mathit{R}_{1}+\mathit{R}_{p}=\mathit{R}_{1}+\frac{\mathit{R}_{2}\mathit{R}_{3}}{\mathit{R}_{2}+\mathit{R}_{3}}}$$Voltage across the parallel combination is ... Read More

Resistors in Series

Manish Kumar Saini
Updated on 18-Jun-2021 12:45:19

211 Views

The resistors are said to be connected in series, when they are joined end to end so that there is only one path for the current to flow.ExplanationLet the three pure resistors R1, R2 and R3 be connected in series against a DC voltage source V as shown in the circuit.Referring the circuit it can be written that$$\mathrm{\mathit{V}\:=\:\mathit{V}_{1}+\mathit{V}_{2}+\mathit{V}_{3}\:\:\:\:…(1)}$$Where V1, V2 and V3 being the voltage drops against individual resistors.Assuming I to be the total current in the circuit and R being the equivalent resistance of all the series resistors. Hence, the equation (1) can be written as$$\mathrm{\mathit{IR}=\mathit{IR}_{1}+\mathit{IR}_{2}+\mathit{IR}_{3}}$$$$\mathrm{\Rightarrow\:\mathit{R}=\mathit{R}_{1}+\mathit{R}_{2}+\mathit{R}_{3}\:\:\:\:…(2)}$$Thus, the equation (2) ... Read More

Resistors in Parallel

Manish Kumar Saini
Updated on 18-Jun-2021 12:44:14

175 Views

When one end of each resistor is joined to a common point and the other end of each resistor is joined to another common point so that there are as many paths for current flow as the number of resistors, it is called as a parallel circuit.The below circuit shows the connection of three resistors in parallel across a DC voltage source V. Let the circuit current be 𝐼 while the branch currents I1, I2 and I3 respectively. The voltage drop in each branch being same, so by Ohm’s law, we can write, $$\mathrm{\mathit{V}=\mathit{I}_{1}\mathit{R}_{1}=\mathit{I}_{2}\mathit{R}_{2}=\mathit{I}_{3}\mathit{R}_{3}}$$Also, by referring the circuit, $$\mathrm{\mathit{I}=\mathit{I}_{1}+\mathit{I}_{2}+\mathit{I}_{3}}$$$$\mathrm{\Rightarrow\frac{\mathit{V}}{\mathit{R}_{p}}=\frac{\mathit{V}}{\mathit{R}_{1}}+\frac{\mathit{V}}{\mathit{R}_{2}}+\frac{\mathit{V}}{\mathit{R}_{3}}}$$Where, RP ... Read More

Parallel RLC Circuit: Analysis and Example Problems

Manish Kumar Saini
Updated on 17-May-2022 11:48:07

14K+ Views

Consider a parallel RLC circuit shown in the figure, where the resistor R, inductor L and capacitor C are connected in parallel and I (RMS) being the total supply current. In a parallel circuit, the voltage V (RMS) across each of the three elements remain same. Hence, for convenience, the voltage may be taken as reference phasor.Here, $$\mathrm{\mathit{V}=\mathit{IZ}=\frac{\mathit{I}}{\mathit{Y}}}$$Where, Z= Total impedance of the parallel circuit, Y=1/Z= Admittance of the parallel circuit.The admittance of the parallel circuit is given by, $$\mathrm{\mathit{Y}=\frac{1}{\mathit{R}}+\frac{1}{\mathit{j\omega L}}+\mathit{j\omega C}=\frac{1}{\mathit{R}}+ {\mathit{j}}(\mathit{\omega C}-\frac{1}{\mathit{\omega L}})=\mathit{G}+\mathit{jB}}$$Where, G=1/R= Conductance of the circuit, B=1/X= Susceptance of the circuit, $$\mathrm{Magnitude\:of\:admittance, |\mathit{Y}|=\sqrt{(\frac{1}{\mathit{R}})^{2}+(\mathit{\omega C}-\frac{1}{\mathit{\omega L}})^{2}}}$$$$\mathrm{Phase\:angle\:of\:admittance, \:\varphi=\tan^{-1}(\frac{\mathit{\omega ... Read More

Parallel Circuit: Definition and Examples

Manish Kumar Saini
Updated on 18-Jun-2021 12:32:05

973 Views

When the resistances are connected with each other such that one end of each resistance is joined to a common point and the other end of each resistance is joined to another common point so that the number paths for the current flow is equal to the number of resistances, it is called a parallel circuit.ExplanationConsider three resistors R1, R2 and R3 connected across a source of voltage V as shown in the circuit diagram. The total current (I) divides in three parts – I1 flowing through R1, I2 flowing through R2 and I3 flowing through R3. As, it can ... Read More

What is Nodal Analysis?

Manish Kumar Saini
Updated on 24-Jun-2021 12:54:45

1K+ Views

Nodal Analysis is a method for determining the branch currents in a circuit. In this method, one of the nodes is taken as the reference node. The potentials of all the nodes in the circuit are measured with respect to this reference node.The nodal analysis is based on the Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states that "the algebraic sum of incoming currents and outgoing currents at a node is equal to zero".$$\mathrm{\sum\:\mathit{I}_{incoming}\:+\:\sum\:\mathit{I}_{outgoing}=0}$$Node – A node is a point in a network where two or more circuit elements meet.Junction – A junction is point where three or more circuit elements meet.In the ... Read More

What is Mesh Current Analysis?

Manish Kumar Saini
Updated on 18-Jun-2021 13:17:51

388 Views

In this method, Kirchhoff’s voltage law is applied to a network to write mesh equations in terms of mesh currents. The branch currents are then found by taking the algebraic sum of the mesh currents which are common to that branch.Kirchhoff’s Voltage LawThe Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) states that, the algebraic sum of all the emfs and voltage drops is equal to zero in a mesh i.e.$$\mathrm{\sum\:emfs\:+\:\sum\:Voltage\:Drops = 0}$$Mesh − A mesh is a most elementary form of a loop, which cannot be further divided into other loops i.e. a mesh does not have any inner loop.ExplanationEach mesh is assigned ... Read More

Magnetism, Electromagnetism & Magnetic Materials

Manish Kumar Saini
Updated on 12-Jun-2021 06:57:56

870 Views

MagnetismIn the ancient times, people believed that the invisible forces of magnetism was purely a magical quantity. However, with the increasing scientific knowledge over the passing centuries, magnetism assumed a larger and larger role. Today the magnetism has attained a place of pride in electrical engineering. Without the magnetism, it is impossible to operated electrical devices like generators, motors, transformers, TV, radio, telephone etc. Therefore, electrical engineering is much dependent on magnetism.Magnetic polesA magnet has two poles viz. North Pole and South Pole. In order to determine the polarity of a magnet, suspend it at its centre, then the magnet ... Read More

Loaded and Unloaded Voltage Dividers

Manish Kumar Saini
Updated on 12-Jun-2021 06:46:31

4K+ Views

A voltage divider or potential divider is a series circuit that is used to provide more than one reduced voltages from a single source of voltage.Consider a circuit of voltage divider as shown below, in which two reduced voltages V1 and V2 are obtained from a single input voltage source of V volts. Since no load is connected to circuit, it is called unloaded voltage divider.Refer the circuit of unloaded voltage divider, $$\mathrm{Circuit\:Current, I= \frac{V}{R_{1}+{R_{2}}}=\frac{V}{R_{eq}}}\:\:\:… (1)$$        Where, Req=R1 + R2= Total resistance of voltage dividerTherefore, $$\mathrm{V_{1}=IR_{1}=\frac{V}{R_{eq}}×R_{1}=V\frac{R_{1}}{R_{eq}}}\:\:\:… (2)$$$$\mathrm{V_{2}=IR_{2}=\frac{V}{R_{eq}}×R_{2}=V\frac{R_{2}}{R_{eq}}}\:\:\:… (3)$$Hence, equation (2) and (3) shows that, the voltage drop ... Read More

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