Article Categories
- All Categories
-
Data Structure
-
Networking
-
RDBMS
-
Operating System
-
Java
-
MS Excel
-
iOS
-
HTML
-
CSS
-
Android
-
Python
-
C Programming
-
C++
-
C#
-
MongoDB
-
MySQL
-
Javascript
-
PHP
-
Economics & Finance
Computer Network Articles
Page 97 of 122
Vegas A (Modified TCP-Vegas)
TCP Vegas A (Modified TCP-Vegas) is an adaptive congestion avoidance algorithm that detects network congestion based on Round Trip Time (RTT) measurements rather than packet loss. The "A" stands for "Adaptive, " emphasizing its ability to dynamically adjust to network conditions. Developed by Larry Peterson and Lawrence Brakmo in 1994, TCP Vegas focuses on preventing congestion proactively by monitoring packet delays. Unlike traditional TCP variants that react to packet loss, TCP Vegas maintains smaller congestion windows during transmission to achieve better throughput with fewer packet losses. It relies on accurate calculation of the Base RTT to distinguish between network ...
Read MoreWhat is Remote Code Execution (RCE) ?
Remote Code Execution (RCE) is a critical security vulnerability that allows attackers to execute arbitrary code on a remote system without physical access. By exploiting software vulnerabilities and network connections, attackers can run malicious commands, install malware, steal data, or completely compromise targeted systems. RCE attacks represent one of the most severe security threats in cybersecurity, as they provide attackers with direct control over vulnerable systems. The OWASP foundation recognizes RCE as a critical vulnerability category due to its potential for widespread damage. How RCE Works Remote Code Execution exploits security flaws in software applications, operating systems, ...
Read MoreWhat is Router?
A router is a networking device that connects two or more computer networks and forwards data packets between them based on logical addressing. It operates at the Network Layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model and uses IP addresses to make forwarding decisions. Routers are essential components in network infrastructure, enabling internet connectivity and inter-network communication. Routers maintain routing tables that contain information about network destinations and the best paths to reach them. They can perform packet filtering, network address translation (NAT), and various security functions to control traffic flow between networks. Router Packet ...
Read MoreWhat is Stateful Inspection?
Stateful inspection is a firewall technology that monitors network connections and makes access control decisions based on the state and context of network traffic. Unlike simple packet filtering, stateful inspection maintains awareness of connection states and tracks the flow of data between networks. This technology examines both the state (connection status) and context (packet contents including IP addresses and port information) of network traffic. When a packet arrives, the firewall checks its state and context against established security policies to determine whether to allow or block the traffic. Stateful Inspection Process ...
Read MoreWhat is Stuxnet Attack?
Stuxnet is a sophisticated computer worm discovered in 2010, widely regarded as one of the most advanced cyber weapons ever created. It was specifically designed to target Iran's nuclear program by sabotaging the centrifuges used in uranium enrichment at the Natanz nuclear facility. Stuxnet spread through infected USB drives and removable media, utilizing multiple zero-day vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows to evade detection and maintain control over infected systems. Its discovery marked a turning point in cybersecurity, demonstrating how cyber weapons could cause physical damage to critical infrastructure. Stuxnet Attack Chain ...
Read MoreWhat is Time-To-Live (TTL)?
Time to Live (TTL) is a mechanism in computer networking that prevents data packets from circulating indefinitely through a network. It is a field in the IP header that contains a numeric value representing the maximum number of hops (router-to-router jumps) a packet can make before being discarded. When a packet travels through a network, each router it passes through decrements the TTL value by one. Once the TTL reaches zero, the router drops the packet and typically sends an ICMP "Time Exceeded" message back to the sender. This prevents packets from looping forever due to routing errors or ...
Read MoreWhat is Tor Browser?
In today's digital age, privacy and security have become major concerns for internet users. While the web has made life more convenient and efficient, it has also made our personal data vulnerable to cybercriminals, government surveillance, and other prying eyes. This is where the Tor Browser comes into play. Tor, short for "The Onion Router, " is a free and open-source web browser that allows users to browse the internet anonymously and securely. It directs internet traffic through a network of volunteer-operated servers worldwide, making it difficult for anyone to trace online activity back to the user's device. ...
Read MoreWiFi Calling
WiFi Calling represents a significant advancement in telecommunications technology, allowing users to make and receive phone calls and text messages over a wireless internet connection instead of relying on traditional cellular networks. This technology has become increasingly important as connectivity demands grow in our fast-paced digital world. Most modern smartphones support WiFi calling, and major carriers worldwide have adopted this technology to provide better coverage and call quality, especially in areas with weak cellular signals. How WiFi Calling Works WiFi calling utilizes Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology to transmit voice data over an internet connection. When ...
Read MoreWifi protected access (WPA)
WiFi Protected Access (WPA) is a security protocol designed to protect wireless networks from unauthorized access. Introduced in 2003, WPA was created to replace the vulnerable Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) standard, which had significant security flaws that made it easily exploitable by attackers. WPA provided a crucial stepping stone in wireless security, offering stronger encryption and improved authentication mechanisms while the more comprehensive IEEE 802.11i standard was being finalized. Background and Development In the early 2000s, researchers discovered critical vulnerabilities in WEP that allowed attackers to crack the encryption in under a minute using techniques like the ...
Read MoreTop 10 Social Network Analysis Tools To Consider
Social Network Analysis (SNA) is a method used to analyze social relationships and structures resulting from social network interactions. It applies network theory to model and analyze social systems, providing insights into both individual behavior and community connectivity patterns. SNA tools offer significant advantages when researching communities, enabling researchers to observe individuals and their connections within a unified framework. These tools help identify influential nodes, communication patterns, and structural properties of social networks. Social Network Analysis Visualization ...
Read More