Article Categories
- All Categories
-
Data Structure
-
Networking
-
RDBMS
-
Operating System
-
Java
-
MS Excel
-
iOS
-
HTML
-
CSS
-
Android
-
Python
-
C Programming
-
C++
-
C#
-
MongoDB
-
MySQL
-
Javascript
-
PHP
-
Economics & Finance
Computer Network Articles
Page 71 of 122
What are the basic building blocks of IPSec VPN tunnelling?
The basic building blocks of IPSec VPN tunneling work together to create secure network connections over the internet. IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) provides authentication, integrity, and confidentiality for data transmission through several key components. IPSec VPN Building Blocks Authentication Header (AH) Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) Internet Key Exchange (IKE) Diffie-Hellman Key ...
Read MoreDifferentiate between Arp and BGP
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) and BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) are two fundamentally different networking protocols that operate at different layers and serve distinct purposes in computer networks. ARP is a protocol used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses within a local network segment. When a device needs to communicate with another device on the same network, it uses ARP to discover the physical MAC address corresponding to the known IP address. BGP is an exterior gateway protocol used to exchange routing information between different autonomous systems on the internet. It determines the best paths for data to ...
Read MoreWhat are ultra-dense networks and new services and applications in 5G networks?
Ultra-Dense Networks (UDN) and 5G's new services represent transformative technologies that enable unprecedented connectivity and performance in wireless communications. Let us understand these key 5G innovations. Ultra-Dense Network An Ultra-Dense Network (UDN) is a critical 5G deployment scenario that dramatically increases the density of base stations and small cells to enhance network capacity and user experience. UDN achieves this through strategic densification of network infrastructure. Ultra-Dense Network Architecture Macro Cell ...
Read MorePython program to remove row with custom list element
When working with lists of lists (2D arrays) in Python, there are scenarios where you need to remove entire rows that contain specific elements. This operation is commonly performed using list comprehension combined with the any() function to efficiently filter out unwanted rows. The any() function returns True if at least one element in an iterable is True. When combined with list comprehension, it provides a concise way to check if any element from a custom list exists in each row. How It Works The filtering process involves: List comprehension − Iterates through each row ...
Read MoreTypes of Email Attacks
Electronic mail (email) is a digital messaging system that allows users to send and receive messages via the Internet. Email communications are sent and received by email servers, available from all Internet Service Providers (ISP). Emails are transmitted between two separate server folders: the sender's and the recipient's. A sender saves, transmits, or forwards email messages, whereas a recipient accesses an email server to view or download emails. Unfortunately, cybercriminals exploit email systems to launch various attacks against vulnerable users. Understanding these attack types is crucial for maintaining cybersecurity awareness and protection. Types of Email Attacks ...
Read MoreWhat is Tunnelling in Computer Networks?
Tunnelling is a protocol for transferring data securely from one network to another. Using a method known as encapsulation, tunnelling allows private network communications to be sent across a public network, such as the Internet. Encapsulation enables data packets to appear as general traffic to a public network when they actually contain private data, allowing them to pass unnoticed. Note − Port forwarding is sometimes referred to as a form of tunnelling, though they are technically different concepts. Tunnelling Process Overview Private Data Encapsulation ...
Read MoreTypes and Uses of Backbone Networks
A backbone network is the central infrastructure component that interconnects multiple networks and provides a high-capacity pathway for data transmission between them. It serves as the primary conduit connecting different local area networks (LANs) within buildings, campuses, or across larger geographical areas to form wide area networks (WANs) or metropolitan area networks (MANs). The backbone network acts as a data superhighway, utilizing various transmission media including optical fiber, copper cables, and wireless technologies such as microwave links and satellite connections. A key characteristic of backbone networks is that their capacity must exceed that of the individual networks they support ...
Read MoreWhat is Vishing (Voice Phishing)?
Vishing (voice phishing) is a type of social engineering attack that uses telephony, typically Voice over IP (VoIP) technology, to deceive victims into revealing sensitive personal or financial information over the phone. Unlike traditional landline services that are tied to physical locations and bill-payers, modern VoIP technologies enable attackers to use caller ID spoofing and automated systems to evade detection. Criminals exploit these technologies to steal credit card numbers, banking credentials, and personal information for identity theft purposes. How Vishing Works Attacker ...
Read MoreWorking and Types of Smart Card
A smart card is a compact microprocessor-based device the size of a credit card that stores and processes data. Smart cards have largely replaced conventional magnetic stripe cards since they can store significantly more data and perform complex functions. Smart cards are now used in various industries, including banking, public transportation, healthcare, and security systems. Smart card manufacturers use advanced technologies such as electron beam lithography to embed small circuits and microprocessors on a printed card. As data storage technology progresses, manufacturers continue to increase the functionality of smart cards by working with nanoscale components. The solid-state design ...
Read MoreWhat is a Wireless Local Loop (WLL)?
A Wireless Local Loop (WLL) is an access system that connects users to the local telephone company's switch using wireless links instead of traditional copper cables. Also known as fixed wireless access (FWA) or fixed radio, this technology provides telephone, facsimile, and data services to business and residential subscribers using analog or digital radio technology. WLL systems enable rapid deployment of basic phone service in areas where geography or telecommunications development makes traditional wireline service prohibitively expensive. They integrate easily with the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and can typically be installed within a month, much faster than traditional ...
Read More