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Computer Network Articles
Page 44 of 122
What is DAS in the Computer Network?
Direct Attached Storage (DAS) is a computer storage system that is directly connected to a single computer or server without going through a network. Unlike networked storage solutions, DAS provides dedicated storage access to one host system through a direct physical connection via a Host Bus Adapter (HBA). DAS represents the most traditional form of computer storage, where storage devices like hard drives, SSDs, or external drive arrays are physically attached to the computer that uses them. This direct connection eliminates network overhead and provides fast, dedicated access to stored data. Direct Attached Storage ...
Read MoreWhat is iSCSI in the Computer Network?
iSCSI represents Internet Small Computer Systems Interface. It is a transport layer protocol that works on top of the Transport Control Protocol (TCP). It enables block-level SCSI data transport between the iSCSI initiator and the storage target over TCP/IP networks. iSCSI supports encrypting the network packets and decrypts upon arrival at the target. There are multiple means of transports that can be used for iSCSI. The most common is TCP/IP over Ethernet, but Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) can also be used with iSER, which is iSCSI Extensions for RDMA. If using iSER, the transport is RoCE or InfiniBand, ...
Read MoreDifferentiate between CIFS and NFS in Computer Network.
CIFS (Common Internet File System) and NFS (Network File System) are two prominent network protocols used for file sharing across networks. While both enable remote file access, they differ significantly in their design, implementation, and target operating systems. CIFS CIFS stands for Common Internet File System, also known as Server Message Block (SMB). It is a network protocol primarily designed for sharing files and resources on a Local Area Network (LAN). CIFS allows users to manipulate remote files as if they were stored locally on their computer. The protocol supports standard file operations including read, write, create, ...
Read MoreWhat is GSM in the Computer Network?
GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communication. It is a widely used digital cellular technology developed at Bell Laboratories in 1970 for transmitting mobile voice and data services. GSM operates at multiple frequency bands including 850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz, and 1900MHz. GSM is an open and digital cellular standard that enables mobile communication through a network of base stations and mobile switching centers. One of its key features is the ability to roam and switch carriers using individual mobile units when compatible partner networks are available. GSM Network Architecture GSM networks utilize different cell sizes to provide ...
Read MoreWhat are the Token Ring Frame Formats in Computer Network?
There are three types of frame formats supported on a Token Ring network: token, abort, and data/command frame. The token format is the mechanism by which access to the ring is passed from one computer to another on the network. The token format consists of three bytes, where the starting and ending delimiters indicate the beginning and end of a token frame. The middle byte is an access control byte that contains priority bits, reservation bits, a token bit, and a monitor bit. Token Ring Frame Formats ...
Read MoreWhat is IGMP in the Computer Network?
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a network layer protocol used to manage multicast group memberships in IPv4 networks. IGMP allows devices to join multicast groups and enables routers to efficiently distribute multicast traffic only to networks that have interested receivers. Unlike multicast routing protocols that determine paths for multicast traffic, IGMP focuses solely on group membership management. It provides multicast routers with information about which hosts on their directly connected networks want to receive traffic for specific multicast groups. How IGMP Works IGMP operates locally between hosts and their directly connected multicast routers. Each multicast router ...
Read MoreWhat is SLIP in the Computer Network?
SLIP stands for Serial Line Internet Protocol. SLIP is an Internet protocol that allows users to gain Internet access using a computer modem. Today, SLIP is not used as frequently as its successor, PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol), which provides enhanced error detection and automatic configuration. SLIP is commonly used on dedicated serial links and sometimes for dialup purposes and is usually used with line speeds between 1200bps and 19.2Kbps. It is useful for allowing mixes of hosts and routers to communicate with one another (host-host, host-router and router-router are all common SLIP network configurations). SLIP defines a sequence of ...
Read MoreWhat is SCTP in the Computer Network?
Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a reliable, message-oriented transport layer protocol designed to address the limitations of both TCP and UDP. SCTP was developed specifically for Internet applications that require reliable data transmission while maintaining message boundaries. SCTP is particularly well-suited for modern applications such as IUA (ISDN over IP), M2UA and M3UA (telephony signaling), H.248 (media gateway control), H.323 (IP telephony), and SIP (Session Initiation Protocol). These applications benefit from SCTP's unique combination of reliability and message preservation. SCTP: Best of Both TCP and UDP ...
Read MoreWhat is Session Layer in the Computer Network?
The Session Layer is the fifth layer in the OSI model and one of the upper layers that provide user-oriented services. It sits between the Presentation Layer and Transport Layer, managing communication sessions between applications on different devices. The session layer provides a defined set of services to the presentation layer and controls the structure and interaction between application programs. It synchronizes communication, manages the direction of information flow, and handles session establishment, maintenance, and termination. The service definition and protocol specifications are defined in ISO 8326 and ISO 8327. Session Layer in OSI ...
Read MoreExplain the functions of Session Layer.
The session layer is the fifth layer in the OSI model that manages communication sessions between applications on different devices. It acts as a general-purpose toolkit providing various services for establishing, maintaining, and terminating connections between communicating users. The session layer ensures reliable data exchange by managing sessions — logical connections that allow applications to communicate effectively. It handles dialog control, synchronization, and error recovery to maintain consistent communication states. Session Layer Functions Session Setup Dialog Control Synchronization ...
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