In today's world, multimedia apps are important part of our lives. These use various formats, i.e., audio, video, images, and text. But, multimedia apps also present challenges to the design and performance of computer systems and networks. The most important challenge is how to connect different devices and components involved in multimedia processing and communication efficiently and reliably. To address this challenge, Desk Area Network (DAN) has been introduced. It is interconnection of computer equipment based on the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). ATM is high-speed networking protocol that operates on the data link layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) ... Read More

Today, everyone uses digital devices to access websites and applications on the Internet. This has increased the need for cost-effective networks and better application delivery. To meet this demand, the Application Delivery Network (ADN) concept was developed. ADN reduces the load times. It solves IT problems faster. It ensures secure access to applications with proper visibility and availability. Application Delivery Network Application Delivery Network (ADN) is network architecture. It improves delivery of web applications to end users across different locations and devices. It has three components. These are Application Delivery Controllers (ADCs), WAN Optimization Controllers (WOCs) and Application Protection Appliances ... Read More

Data communication is sharing information between devices over a network. Models and protocols enable it. Two common models are OSI and TCP/IP. We will explain them and the hybrid model, comparing their features, advantages and disadvantages. The OSI Model The OSI model stands for Open Systems Interconnection model. It was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1984 as a reference model for network communication. The OSI model defines seven layers of network functions, from the physical layer that deals with the transmission medium to the application layer that interacts with the user. Each layer performs ... Read More

IPv4 is used for network communication. Data packets contain important info. The IPv4 header includes an options field for flexibility and control. The options field is optional and located between header length and type of service. Its presence depends on the value in the header length field. Options Field in IPv4 Header IPv4 header contains information about the source and destination of an IP packet. It also has other parameters that affect how packets are processed by routers and hosts. It consists of a fixed part of 20 bytes, followed by an optional part of up to 40 ... Read More

The Internet of Things (IoT) has changed how we interact with devices and created new opportunities for businesses to gather and analyze data. However, this has created a demand for device−to−device communication that is seamless. This is where IoT Communications APIs come to play a major role in communication systems. IoT Communications APIs are a set of protocols and interfaces that allow IoT devices and platforms to communicate with one another. These APIs enable developers to create apps that interface with IoT devices over conventional web protocols including HTTP, MQTT, CoAP, and others. Internet of Things ... Read More

The technology, Internet of Things (IoT) has completely changed how we work and live. It is a system of linked devices that collaborate to exchange information and carry out different functions. In the Internet of Things, communication is essential for allowing devices to connect, work together, and share information easily. The IoT ecosystem is built on the communication capabilities of gadgets, which allows for the development of intelligent, interconnected systems that can boost productivity, decision−making, and numerous operations. IoT systems with effective communication can be built to increase productivity, enhance decision−making, and automate operations in a variety of ... Read More

Twitter and Tumblr are both major social media platforms, yet they have quite different purposes, features, and user bases. Read this article to find out more about Twitter and Tumblr and how they are different from each other. What is Twitter? Twitter is a popular social media platform that allows users to send and receive short messages called "tweets." These tweets are limited to 280 characters, encouraging brevity and rapid communication. Twitter was launched in 2006 and has since grown to become a prominent player in social networking, news delivery, and online conversations. Key Aspects of Twitter Creating ... Read More

iChat and Skype were popular communication tools, yet they provided unique features and functionality. Apple Inc. created iChat, a messaging application. It was designed mainly for Mac users and was included in macOS until macOS 10.7 Lion. Skype is a popular communication platform that offers a variety of services, such as instant messaging, voice calls, video calls, and file sharing over the internet. Read this article to find out more about iChat and Skype and how they are different from each other. What is iChat? Apple Inc. created iChat, a messaging application for Mac users. It was first included ... Read More

WLAN and WiMax are both wireless communication technologies, although their range, data transmission rates, and applications differ. WLAN is typically used for local wireless networking within a limited range, but WiMax provides wider coverage and higher data transfer rates. Read this article to find out more about WLAN and WiMAX and how they are different from each other. What is WLAN? WLAN is an abbreviation for Wireless Local Area Network. It is a wireless communication technology that allows devices to connect and interact within a specific range, usually a few hundred feet. WLANs allow users to connect their devices, such ... Read More

Digital encryption technology plays a crucial role in data transmission over communication channels. Manchester encoding and differential Manchester encoding are two good methods for efficiently transmitting digital data. The purpose of this article is to comprehensively compare these two coding schemes and highlight their unique characteristics, advantages, and differences. Manchester encoding, known for its simplicity and widespread use, uses transitions at the beginning or end of each bit period to represent bit values. In contrast, differential Manchester coding, also known as biphase mark code, uses transitions to transmit values. This important difference gives rise to some conflicting properties that affect ... Read More