Introduction Examples of bases with its properties are as follows − Bases have pH value more than 7. Aqueous solution of basic compounds undergoes ionization and can conduct electricity. On reacting base with acids can produce salts. The concentrated base or strong base is known as Caustic. If base added to alkaline solution it has bitter taste. Base get identify easily due to the presence of OH- ions. On applying red litmus paper to basic solution it changes the colour into blue. On adding to acids compounds base can react vigorously. On adding base to water it can conduct ... Read More

Introduction Citric acid is produced organically and is readily found in nature, present in many fruits and vegetables. Lemon is an example of a citrus fruit that contains the largest amount of citric acid. Citric acid is commonly used by food processing companies in various food and beverages as an acidulant. It is mainly used in so many varied ways due to the way it is prepared, that is by the process of Fermentation. Its usage is not just limited to food industries but other industries like cleaning and cosmetic product manufacturing as well. What is Citric Acid? ... Read More

Introduction Ascorbic acid is known with common name of Vitamin C and an essential chemical element for humans. It is normally found in vegetables as well as fruits and the exposure of the substance to the sun turns into darker. The physical properties consist of a white or slightly yellow crystal or powder having an acidic taste. Overview of Ascorbic Acid The ascorbic acid mainly belongs to the family of monosaccharides and bears the chemical formula C6H8O6. It is also named vitamin C and known as the most important vitamin for plants as well as animals. The addition of ... Read More

Introduction Ammonia is a gas that is made naturally in the body of humans as well as in nature. It is found in soil, water, and air, as well as in bacteria. Ammonia, as well as ammonium ions, is considered as the most important components for human body as it helps in metabolic processes. What is ammonia? Ammonia is nothing but a gas that has no colour but a pungent smell. It is able to dissolve into water, furnishes strong alkaline solution. The solution of ammonia is mainly used as a cleaning fluid. Figure 1: Molecular Structure ... Read More

Baking soda is that wonder ingredient that sits cozily in the fridge most times. Baking soda or Sodium Bicarbonate has all those qualities that qualify it as a miracle product. It adds a sparkle to your smile or sometimes cleanses the basin that has been a mess for quite a while. Uses of Baking Soda You put the best of your efforts to bake that cake for the weekend. However, it turns out it was not as you expected. The cake was hard and dry. You missed adding that alkaline white powder that is always resting cozy in your fridge. ... Read More

Introduction The primary compound of potash is Potassium Carbonate and pearl ash or the salts of tartar are a more refined form of it. In the making of pearl ash, potash is baked in a kiln and this process removes the impure agents. In the 18th century before the use of baking powder, pearl ash was used to make quick bread. What is Potassium Carbonate? Potassium Carbonate is an inorganic compound that can be represented with the chemical formula- $\mathrm{K_2CO_3}$. It is also known as Carbonate of potash, or Dipotassium carbonate or Pearl ash. It can be defined as ... Read More

Introduction There are different definitions for the base. But the one definition that is common in all three definitions is bases react with acid to form a neutral compound or salts and water. And is given by G.-F. Rouelle. It is the ion that is present in this compound that makes it a characteristic property. Arrhenius proposed that the presence of hydroxyl ion, $\mathrm{OH^{-}}$ leads to the characteristic property of a base. According to Bronsted Lowry's theory of bases, a base is a substance that can accept protons or Hydrogen ions, $\mathrm{H^{+}}$. And in lewis's base theory base is a ... Read More

Introduction Barium Hydroxide is made up of the elements Ba, H and O. It seems to be a soft, shiny, alkaline earth metal found within Group 2 of the current periodic table. This is scientifically quite reactive. As a result, it would never be discovered in the environment as a pure element. These derivatives are utilised in the petroleum industry as well as radiography, but it is also useful in metallurgy. It is indeed a transparent white granule having no naturally toxic odour. Because of the hydroxides, $\mathrm{Ba(OH)_{2}}$ is harmful or could harm the skin as well as the eyes. ... Read More

Introduction Barium Carbonate has a molecular formula, (BaCO3). It is an inorganic chemical compound. It is tasteless and odourless. Like or similar to most of the other alkaline earth metal carbonates, it appears as white salt and it is insoluble or poorly soluble in water solution but, it is soluble in most of the acids, except sulphuric acid. It is one of the very important barium compounds commercially or economically. Although it is not soluble in pure water it is partially or slightly soluble in water saturated with carbon dioxide (CO2). It is used for the formation of rat poisons. ... Read More