To merge multiple files in a new file, you can simply read files and write them to a new file using loops.For examplefilenames = ['file1.txt', 'file2.txt', 'file3.txt'] with open('output_file', 'w') as outfile:     for fname in filenames:         with open(fname) as infile:             outfile.write(infile.read())If you have very big files, instead of writing them at once, you could write them line by line.For examplefilenames = ['file1.txt', 'file2.txt', 'file3.txt'] with open('output_file', 'w') as outfile:     for fname in filenames:         with open(fname) as infile:           ... Read More

Python makes it simple to create new files, read existing files, append data, or replace data in existing files. With the aid of a few open-source and third-party libraries, it can manage practically all of the file types that are currently supported. We must iterate through all the necessary files, collect their data, and then add it to a new file in order to concatenate several files into a single file. This article demonstrates how to use Python to concatenate multiple files into a single file. Using Loops A list of filenames or file paths to the necessary python files ... Read More

You might wish to perform a specific action in a Python script only if a file or directory is present or not. For instance, you might wish to read from or write to a configuration file, or only create the file if it doesn't already exist There are many different ways to check if a file exists and figure out what kind of file it is in Python. Using OS Module An inbuilt Python module called Os has tools for dealing with the operating system. We can access operating system features by using os. In Python, os.path is a sub-module ... Read More

To change the permission of a file, you can use the os.chmod(file, mode) call. Note that the mode should be specified in octal representation and therefore must begin with a 0o. For example, to make a file readonly, you can set the permission to 0o777, you can use:>>> import os >>> os.chmod('my_file', 0o777)You can also use flags from the stat module. You can read more about these flags here: http://docs.python.org/2/library/stat.htmlAnother way to acheive it is using a subprocess call:>>> import subprocess >>> subprocess.call(['chmod', '0444', 'my_file'])

By utilising the pwd, grp, and os modules, you can modify the owner of a file or directory. To obtain the user ID from the user name, to obtain the group ID from the group name string, and to modify the owner, one uses the uid module. Following are the methods to change the owner of a directory using Python − Using os.chown() Method To change the owner and group id of the given path to the specified numeric owner id (UID) and group id(GID), use Python's os.chown() method. Syntax os.chown(filepath, uid, gid, *, dir_fd = None, follow_symlinks = True) ... Read More

On a platform with the chmod command available, you could call the chmod command like this:>>> import subprocess >>> subprocess.call(['chmod', '-R', '+w', 'my_folder'])If you want to use the os module, you'll have to recursively write it:Using os: import os def change_permissions_recursive(path, mode):     for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path, topdown=False):         for dir in [os.path.join(root, d) for d in dirs]:             os.chmod(dir, mode)     for file in [os.path.join(root, f) for f in files]:             os.chmod(file, mode) change_permissions_recursive('my_folder', 0o777) This will change the permissions of my_folder, all ... Read More

The user whose actions are allowed on a file are governed by its file permissions. A file's permissions for reading, writing, and executing are modified when the file's permissions are changed. This article will cover how to change a file's permission in Python. Using os.chmod() Method To modify the permissions of a file, use the os.chmod () method. Syntax Following is the syntax for os.chmod() method − os.chmod(path, mode) Where, path represents the path of the file and mode contains different values as explained below. There is no return value obtained in this method. Os.chmod() modes Following are the ... Read More

You can use os.access(path, mode) to check the directory permission with modes for reading, writing and execution permissions. For being able to write you'll also need to check for execution permission. For example, >>> import os >>> os.access('my_folder', os.R_OK) # Check for read access True >>> os.access('my_folder', os.W_OK) # Check for write access True >>> os.access('my_folder', os.X_OK) # Check for execution access True >>> os.access('my_folder', os.X_OK | ox.W_OK) # Check if we can write file to the directory TrueYou can also follow a common Python idiom: It's easier to ask for forgiveness than for permission. Following that idiom, you should ... Read More

You can use os.access(path, mode) to check the file permission with modes for reading, writing and execution permissions. For example, >>> import os >>> os.access('my_file', os.R_OK) # Check for read access True >>> os.access('my_file', os.W_OK) # Check for write access True >>> os.access('my_file', os.X_OK) # Check for execution access False >>> os.access('my_file', os.F_OK) # Check for existance of file TrueYou can also use os.stat to get the status of a file or a file descriptor. It is quite complex to interpret as it uses bitmasks to identify the permissions. You can read mode about it here: https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html#os.statRead More

Python has built-in functions for creating, reading, and writing files, among other file operations. Normal text files and binary files are the two basic file types that Python can handle. We'll look at how to write content into text files in Python in this article. Steps involved writing multiple lines in a text file using Python Following are the ways to write multiple lines in text file using Python − The open() method must be used to open the file for writing, and the function must be given a file path. The following step is to write to file. ... Read More