Programming Articles - Page 2873 of 3368

The ftp_cdup() function changes the current directory to the parent directory.Syntaxftp_cdup(con);Parameterscon − The FTP connectionReturnThe ftp_cdup() function returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.ExampleThe following is an example wherein we are updating the current directory to parent directory −

The ftp_alloc() function allocates space for a file to be uploaded to the FTP server.Syntaxftp_alloc(connection,size_of_file,res);Parametersconnection − The FTP connection to usesize_of_file − The number of bytes to allocateres − A variable to store the server responseReturnThe ftp_alloc() function returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failureExampleThe following is an example −

The header() function sends a raw HTTP header to a client.Syntaxheader(string,replace,resp_code)Parametersstring − The header string to send.replace − Indicates whether the header should replace previous or add a second header.resp_code − It forces the HTTP response code to the specified valueReturnThe header() function returns nothing.ExampleThe following is an example to save a generated PDF −

The winsound module is specific to Python installation on Windows operating system. The module defines following functions −Beep()When this function is called a beep is heard from the PC’s speaker. The function needs two parameters. The frequency parameter specifies frequency of the sound, and must be in the range 37 through 32, 767 hertz. The duration parameter specifies duration of sound in .>>> import winsound >>> winsound.Beep(1000, 500)MessageBeep()This function plays a sound as specified in the registry. The type argument specifies which sound to play. Possible values are −-1, MB_ICONASTERISK, MB_ICONEXCLAMATION, MB_ICONHAND, MB_ICONQUESTION, and MB_OK (default).The value -1 produces a ... Read More

The wave module in Python's standard library is an easy interface to the audio WAV format. The functions in this module can write audio data in raw format to a file like object and read the attributes of a WAV file.The file is opened in 'write' or read mode just as with built-in open() function, but with open() function in wave modulewave.open()This function opens a file to read/write audio data. The function needs two parameters - first the file name and second the mode. The mode can be 'wb' for writing audio data or 'rb' for reading.obj = wave.open('sound.wav', 'wb')A ... Read More

Indentation is an important feature of Python syntax. Code blocks in function, class or loops are required to follow same indent level for statements in it. The tabnanny module in Python's standard library is able to detect any violation in this stipulation.This module is primarily intended to be used in command line mode with –m switch. However, it can also be imported in an interpreter session.Command line usagepython –m tabnanny –q example.pyFor verbose output use –v switchpython –m tabnanny –v example.pyFollowing functions are defined in tabnanny module for checking indentation programmatically.check()This function checks for ambiguously indented lines in a given ... Read More

Configuration information of Python's installation can be accessed by the sysconfig module. For example the list of installation paths and the configuration variables specific to the installation platform.The sysconfig module provides the following functions to access Configuration variablessysconfig.get_config_vars()With no arguments, this function returns a dictionary of all configuration variables relevant for the current platform.>>> import sysconfig >>> sysconfig.get_config_vars() {'prefix': 'E:\python37', 'exec_prefix': 'E:\python37', 'py_version': '3.7.2', 'py_version_short': '3.7', 'py_version_nodot': '37', 'installed_base': 'E:\python37', 'base': 'E:\python37', 'installed_platbase': 'E:\python37', 'platbase': 'E:\python37', 'projectbase': 'E:\python37', 'abiflags': '', 'LIBDEST': 'E:\python37\Lib', 'BINLIBDEST': 'E:\python37\Lib', 'INCLUDEPY': 'E:\python37\Include', 'EXT_SUFFIX': '.pyd', 'EXE': '.exe', 'VERSION': '37', 'BINDIR': 'E:\python37', 'SO': '.pyd', 'userbase': 'C:\Users\acer\AppData\Roaming\Python', 'srcdir': 'E:\python37'}With ... Read More

The sndhdr module in Python's standard library provides utility functions that read the type of sound data which is in a file. The functions return a namedtuple(), containing five attributesfiletypestring representing 'aifc', 'aiff', 'au', 'hcom', 'sndr', 'sndt', 'voc', 'wav', '8svx', 'sb', 'ub', or 'ul'.frameratethe sampling_rate will be either the actual value or 0 if unknown or difficult to decode.nchannelsnumber of channels or 0 if it cannot be determined or if the value is difficult to decodenframeseither the number of frames or -1.sampwidthbits_per_sample, will either be the sample size in bits or 'A' for A-LAW or 'U' for u-LAW.functions in sndhdr ... Read More

The –m option of command line option searches for a given module and execute it as the __main__ module. This mechanism is internally supported by runpy module from Python's standard module that allows scripts to be located using the Python module namespace rather than the filesystem.This module defines two functionsrun_module()This function executes the code of the specified module and return the resulting module globals dictionary.The mod_name argument should be an absolute module name. If the module name refers to a package rather than a normal module, then that package is imported and the __main__ submodule within that package is then ... Read More

The importlib package provides the implementation of the import statement in Python source code portable to any Python interpreter. This also provides an implementation which is easier to comprehend than one implemented in a programming language other than Python.This package also exposes components to implement import, making it easier for users to create their own custom objects (known as an importer) to participate in the import process.The importlib package has an important function named as import_module()import_module():This function imports a module programmatically. Name of module is first parameter to the function. Optional second parameter specifies package name if any.invalidate_caches():This function invalidates ... Read More