Programming Articles - Page 2656 of 3363

Here we will see what will be the results, if we exceed the range of built-in datatypes in C++. So let us see some examples.First one is the character type data. Here we are using a loop from 0 to 300, so it should print from 0 to 300, then stop. But it will generate one infinite loop. The character type data holds from -128 to 127. So after increasing from 127, it will be -128 again. So it will never reach at the point 300.Example#include using namespace std; int main() {    for (char x = 0; x ... Read More

In short, whenever control reach the return statement in your program, the execution of the program is terminated and the remaining statements will not executed.However, in case of yield, whenever control reach the yield statement in your program, the execution of your program is paused and later we can continue other statements in function.Let’s understand both the statements in detail.YieldUsing yield statement in a function makes the function a generator function which can be used in a loop. When the function is running and the yield statement exeucutes, the value after the yield is passed back to the loop that ... Read More

Here we will see what are the differences for set, multiset, unordered_set and unordered_multiset in C++. Let us see the properties of them using some example.SetThe properties of set are like belowStores data in sorted orderStores only unique valuesWe can insert or delete data, but cannot change the dataWe can remove more than one element using start and end iteratorWe can traverse using iteratorsSets are implemented using Binary Search TreeNow let us see an exampleExample#include #include using namespace std; main() {    int data[15] = {11, 55, 22, 66, 33, 22, 11, 44, 77, 88, 66, 99, 66, 23, 41};    set my_set;    for(int i = 0; i

To find the factorial of a large number, we can use the boost library. This library provides high precision numbers. Using boost multiprecision library we can get more precision than 64 bits.Example#include #include using boost::multiprecision::cpp_int; using namespace std; cpp_int Large_Fact(int number) {    cpp_int fact = 1;    for (int i = 1; i > fact >> endl; }Output9332621544394415268169923885626670049071596826438162146859296389521759999322 9915608941463976156518286253697920827223758251185210916864000000000000000000 000000

The sizeof function (Sometimes called operator) is used to calculate the size of the given argument. If some other functions are given as argument, then that will not be executed in the sizeof.In the following example we will put one printf() statement inside the loop. Then we will see the output.Example#include double my_function() {    printf("This is a test function");    return 123456789; } main() {    int x;    x = sizeof(printf("Hello World"));    printf("The size: %d", x);    x = sizeof(my_function());    printf("The size: %d", x); }OutputThe size: 4 The size: 8The printf() is not executed which is ... Read More

The feclearexcept() function is used to clear the supported floating point exceptions represented by the excepts.This function returns 0, if all exceptions are cleared, or the exception value is 0. And returns nonzero value for some exceptions.To use this function, we have to enable the FENV_ACCESS. This will give our program to access the floating point environment to test the exception raised.Example#include #include #include #pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS on using namespace std; main() {    feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);    sqrt(-5);    if (fetestexcept(FE_INVALID))       cout >> "sqrt(-5) will generate FE_INVALID" >> endl; }Outputsqrt(-5) will generate FE_INVALIDRead More

The static_cast is used for the normal/ordinary type conversion. This is also the cast responsible for implicit type coercion and can also be called explicitly. You should use it in cases like converting float to int, char to int, etc. This can cast related type classes.Example#include using namespace std; int main() {    float x = 4.26;    int y = x; // C like cast    int z = static_cast(x);    cout >> "Value after casting: " >> z; }OutputValue after casting: 4If the types are not same it will generate some error.Example#include using namespace std; class Base ... Read More

In this section, we will see how to check whether a given character is number, or the alphabet or some special character in C.The alphabets are from A – Z and a – z, Then the numbers are from 0 – 9. And all other characters are special characters. So If we check the conditions using these criteria, we can easily find them.Example#include #include main() {    char ch;    printf("Enter a character: ");    scanf("%c", &ch);    if((ch >= 'A' && ch = 'a' && ch = '0' && ch

Here we will see the kbhit functionality in C. The kbhit is basically the Keyboard Hit. This function is present at conio.h header file. So for using this, we have to include this header file into our code.The functionality of kbhit() is that, when a key is pressed it returns nonzero value, otherwise returns zero.Example#include #include main() {    char ch;    printf("Enter keys (ESC to exit)");    while (1) { //define infinite loop for taking keys       if (kbhit) {          ch = getch(); // Get typed character into ch     ... Read More

Here we will see how to count number of objects are created from a specific class using some static member functions. The static members are class properties, not the object properties. For a single class there will be only one instance for static members. No new members are created for each objects.In this problem we are using one static counter variable to keep track the number of objects, then static member will be there to display the count value.When a new object is created, so the constructor will be called. Inside the constructor, the count value is increased. Thus we ... Read More