Introduction In today's world where cyber attacks are becoming more frequent and complex, network security is a top priority for businesses. One of the most common ways to manage network security is through the use of firewalls, with Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) being one of the most popular firewalls used in enterprise networks. In this article, we will focus on two protocols that are commonly used to manage ASA: Telnet and SSH. Definition of TELNET and SSH Telnet (TErminal NETwork) is a protocol used for remote access to devices over a network. It allows users to connect ... Read More

Introduction In today's world, communication is an integral part of our daily lives. We rely on telecommunication networks to connect with people from different parts of the world, access information and conduct businesses. Telecommunications refers to the exchange or transmission of information between two or more devices through a medium such as wires, cables, or airwaves. The process involves sending and receiving data and voice signals through complex networks that span across cities and countries. In this article, we will take a deep dive into telecommunication networks. Definition of Telecom Networks Telecom Networks refer to the infrastructure ... Read More

Introduction Mobile computing refers to the use of portable computing devices such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops that are designed to be easily transported and used while on the go. The rise of mobile computing has been a game−changer in today's world. It has transformed the way people communicate, access information, and perform tasks. With mobile devices becoming increasingly powerful and ubiquitous, it's no surprise that businesses such as Apple and Samsung have invested significantly in this area. The Definition of Mobile Computing Mobile computing is defined as any technology that allows wireless communication between devices or ... Read More

Introduction Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a standard protocol for transmitting data over the internet. It is one of the main protocols in the TCP/IP suite, along with Internet Protocol (IP). TCP provides reliable, ordered and error−checked delivery of data between applications running on hosts communicating via an IP network. It manages the transmission control part of the communication by dividing data into smaller packets, numbering them in sequence to ensure proper reassembly at the receiving end, and acknowledging receipt of each packet. TCP is widely used in client−server architecture where a server provides services to multiple clients. ... Read More

Introduction TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a crucial protocol in network communication, responsible for ensuring reliable data transfer between devices over the Internet. However, due to the unpredictable nature of networks and the fact that it relies on underlying IP (Internet Protocol) for data transmission, TCP cannot guarantee that all packets will be delivered successfully. This is where TCP timers come into play. Definition of TCP Timers TCP timers are mechanisms used by the protocol to manage and control various aspects of the data transmission process. Essentially, these timers are implemented by a device's operating system and are ... Read More

Introduction The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the most widely used protocols in computer networking. It provides a reliable, ordered, and error−checked delivery of data between applications running on hosts communicating over an IP network. TCP has been used in a wide range of applications, including web browsing, email, file transfer, and real−time communication. Understanding TCP Tahoe Definition and Origin of TCP Tahoe TCP Tahoe is one of the earliest congestion control algorithms developed for the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) for use in computer networks. The algorithm was first implemented in 1988 by Van Jacobson, a ... Read More

TCP Retransmission is an essential component of network communication that ensures data transfer between the sender and receiver is error−free. TCP Retransmission ensures that no data packets are lost during transmission, and any lost or corrupted packets are retransmitted until they arrive correctly. For reliable communication to occur over the internet, it is imperative that TCP Retransmission functions efficiently. Definition of TCP Retransmission TCP Retransmission refers to the process of resending a packet of data after it is not acknowledged by the receiving end within a specific timeframe. It happens when there's packet loss or corruption in a ... Read More

Introduction TCP Reno is a protocol that plays a crucial role in computer networking. It is responsible for effectively managing data transmission between different devices on the internet, ensuring that data packets are delivered efficiently and without errors. Without such protocols, the internet as we know it today would not exist. TCP Reno uses a congestion control algorithm to detect network congestion and adjust data transmission rates accordingly. This ensures that the network remains stable during high traffic periods and prevents packet loss, which could result in data corruption or even complete connection failure. Understanding TCP Reno ... Read More

Introduction Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a fundamental communication protocol used to transmit data over the internet and other networks. A TCP port is a 16−bit number that identifies specific processes running on a device in a networked environment. The function of TCP ports is closely related to the concept of IP addresses, which identify individual devices on a network. Ports are essentially virtual channels, which allow multiple applications and services to communicate with each other using the same IP address. The combination of an IP address and port number uniquely identifies a process or service running on ... Read More

Introduction When we think about the internet, we often think of websites and social media platforms. However, beneath the surface of these applications lies a complex network of protocols and technologies that communicate data between devices. One such technology is TCP, or Transmission Control Protocol, which is responsible for ensuring reliable data transmission over the internet. Within TCP are a set of flags that play a critical role in facilitating communication between devices. In this article, we will dive into the world of TCP flags − what they are, why they matter, and how they work. Definition ... Read More