Found 496 Articles for Computer Engineering

Extended inter-frame spacing (EIFS), is a waiting period used in MAC layer of IEEE 802.11-based wireless local area network standard (WLAN standard). It is an additional waiting period used in addition to the mandatory DISF technique in case of corrupted frames.DISF (Distributed coordination function inter-frame spacing) is inserted before sending frames to avoid collisions in areas where carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) is used. EISF is used for erroneous frames.Functioning of EIFSIn normal delivery of frames, DISF waiting period is good enough. However, when a previously received frame is corrupted, the DISF waiting period proves to be insufficient. ... Read More

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) is a network protocol for carrier transmission that operates in the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. CSMA/CA prevents collisions prior to their occurrence and is ideally used in wireless communications.Rate anomaly occurs when the performance of a high speed station is impaired due to a low speed station, thus reducing the average throughput of the entire wireless network.ExplanationThe CSMA/CA allows each station to send a single frame at a time. Before sending a frame, the station waits for a certain inter-frame spacing (IFS). Following the IFS, it sends the request to send ... Read More

Arbitration inter-frame spacing (AIFS), is an optional technique used to prevent collisions in IEEE 802.11e based WLAN standard (Wi-Fi), in the medium access control (MAC) layer. It determines the time interval that a station should wait before it sends its request frame, by prioritizing the stations based upon the Access Category, i.e. the type of data to be transmitted.Functioning of AIFSIn a wireless communication, it is very difficult to resolve collisions. So, collision avoidance schemes are used when multiple stations want to access the channels. Inter-frame spacing are inserted before transmissions for avoiding collisions. Unlike other inter-frame spaces, AISF assigns ... Read More

Cloud computing refers to a client-server computing framework where resources are managed in a centralized fashion. It is provided as a pay-per-use service. Cloud computing makes the system all-time accessible.Grid computing refers to a network of the same or different types of computers whose target is to provide an environment where a task can be performed by multiple computers together on a need basis. Each computer can work independently as well. Grid Computing is used internally by organizations.Read through this article to find out more about Cloud Computing and Grid Computing and how they are different from each other.What is ... Read More

A cluster computer refers to a network of same type of computers whose target is to work as one collaborative unit. Such a network is used when a resource-hungry task requires high-computing power or memory. Two or more same types of computers are clubbed together to make a cluster and perform the task.Grid computing refers to a network of same or different types of computers whose target is to provide an environment where a task can be performed by multiple computers together on need basis. Each computer can work independently as well.Read through this article to find out more about ... Read More

LANs are privately owned and span a smaller geographical area (restricted to a few kilometers). It can be used in various settings, including offices, residences, hospitals, and schools. The setup and management of a LAN is quite straightforward. Just like a traditional wired LAN in which the connected devices transmit data over Ethernet cables, whereas in a WLAN, the connected devices transmit data through Wi-Fi. Mobile users can connect to a WLAN through wireless connection. The IEEE 802.11 group of standards describe the technologies for LANs. Go through this article to find out more about LAN and WLAN ... Read More

TesterA Software tester performs testing on the software to ensure that it meets the required quality standards. A Tester is responsible to check if the software has bugs/defects and performs as what is required from it. A software tester is unaware of application code and its development process.SDETSDET stands for Software Development Engineer in Test. SDET is part of both development as well as software testing. A SDET knows the code of software. A SDET is a tester who can code as well.Following are the important differences between Tester and SDET.Sr. No.KeyTesterSDET1WorkingSoftware Tester tests the application once it is testing ... Read More

ISO9000ISO9000 is an international standard of quality management and quality assurance. It certifies the companies that they are documenting the quality system elements which are needed to run a efficient and quality system.SEI-CMMSEI (Software Engineering Institute) - Capability Maturity Model (CMM) is specifically for software organizations to certify them at which level, they are following and maintaining the quality standards.Following are the important differences between ISO9000 and SEI-CMM.Sr. No.KeyISO9000SEI-CMM.1DefinitionISO9000 is an international standard of quality management and quality assurance. It certifies the companies that they are documenting the quality system elements which are needed to run a efficient and quality ... Read More

EIGRP stands for Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol. It is used to share information between routers lying in the same region. It can be easily implemented in small as well as large networks.OSPF stands for Open Shortest Path first. It is used on variable-length subnet masking (VLSM) and discontinuous networks. It is a classless routing protocol.Read through this article to find out more about EIGRP and OSPF and how these two protocols are different from each other.What is EIGRP?EIGRP is an advanced distance-vector routing protocol for automating routing decisions and configuration on a computer network. Cisco Systems designed the protocol ... Read More

Bandwidth and Throughput are frequently used terms in telecommunications and sometimes we tend to use them as synonyms, but there's a subtle difference between these two terms.Bandwidth refers to the data capacity of a channel. It is defined as the total amount of data which can be transferred over a network in a specific period of time. Throughput, on the other hand, refers to the exact measurement of data transferred in a specific time period. It is also termed as "effective data rate" or "payload rate". Every network connection has a throughput, which explains how bits are transmitted across a ... Read More