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The number of nodes that may be reached from any particular node in a graph is called as the count of nodes accessible from all other nodes in the graph. It shows the degree of reachability and connectivity inside the graph. We start at each node and investigate all accessible routes to other nodes in order to get this count.The nodes we can access are recorded as we move across the graph. The count of reachable nodes in the graph includes all nodes that can be reached. This is vital for understanding network relationships and information flow efficiency. Methods Used ... Read More
Introduction Today, the only way to save our planet is to start getting into the habit of recycling, reusing, and reducing. Companies as well as individuals have to reduce their carbon footprint. Waste management is crucial to learning as well as the solution to many of our problems. Companies have to come up with a circular economic system to strengthen their hold on the market. PHOOL is one such company that is high on sustainability, the Go Green approach, and the circular economy model. In this article, we will dive deep into the birth and growth trajectory of PHOOL so ... Read More
Clients can store, direct, and recover information from data sets utilizing programming known as a data set administration framework (DBMS). DBMS languages and interfaces, an essential component of a DBMS, enable user interaction with the database system. Data Definition Language is known as DDL in SQL. It is a portion of SQL (Structured Query Language) that is used to specify and control a database's structure. Database objects like tables, indexes, views, and constraints are created, modified, and deleted using DDL commands. DDL Commands There are several DDL commands, such as − CREATE − The create command is used to ... Read More
Clients can store, direct, and recover information from data sets utilizing programming known as a data set administration framework (DBMS). DBMS languages and interfaces, an essential component of a DBMS, enable user interaction with the database system. Data Control Language is referred to as DCL in SQL. It is a part of the SQL (Structured Query Language) subset that deals with rights and authorization for database objects. To give or revoke rights, manage user access, and regulate the security features of a database system, DCL statements are utilized. DCL Commands There are several DCL commands, such as − ... Read More
In this problem, we have given the persona names and the number of taller people standing in front of that people. We can sort the position of the people according to the number of taller people standing in front of any person. After that, we update the position of each person according to the nums[] array value to get the original queue. Problem statement − We have given an array persons[] and nums[]. The persons[] array contains the person's name, and the nums[] array contains the number of taller people standing in front of each person. This queue is shuffled, ... Read More
In this problem, we will color the minimum nodes of the graph such that each node of the graph has a colored node at the maximum distance 1. The simple logic to minimize the count of the colored node is that either color the nodes which are at an odd distance or color the nodes at an even distance. So, we can color the alternative node, and for each node, we can have a colored node at most distance 1. Problem statement − We have given a graph containing N nodes and E edges. It is given that we can ... Read More
In this problem, we need to find the distance of each cell from the given cell of the matrix. We will use the Breadth−first search traversal to visit each cell of the matrix from the given cell and find the minimum distance for each cell. Problem statement − We have given rows, cols, a, and b positive integers. Here, rows and cols represent the matrix's total number of rows and columns. The a and b is the cell of the matrix. We need to find the minimum distance of each cell of the matrix from the (a, b) cell. ... Read More
In this problem, we need to find the minimum path from 1 to N using Dijakstra’s algorithm, and we can update the cost of any single edge to cost/2. Here, we will find each node's distance from the source node to the destination node. After that, we will take the shortest distance of node u from the source and node v from the destination and add them with the cost/2 of the u −> v edge. In this way, we will find the minimum cost of path 1 to N. Problem statement − We have given an undirected graph ... Read More
Database management systems (DBMS) are crucial tools for effectively managing and arranging enormous volumes of data. A DBMS's general structure and the way data is arranged and managed inside the system are referred to as its architecture. The 1-level, 2-level, and 3-level architectures are only a few of the several architectural concepts that have developed over time. We will examine the features, benefits, and use cases of each of these architectures in detail in this post. 1-Level Architecture The 1-level architecture, commonly referred to as monolithic or centralized architecture, is the most straightforward type of DBMS design. Data storage, query ... Read More
It is critical to create standards and norms in the field of distributed database systems, where data is stored and handled over several interconnected nodes, in order to guarantee dependability, consistency, and efficiency. The "Date's Twelve Rules for Distributed Database Systems" is a series of guidelines developed in 1985 by prominent computer scientist C.J. Date to help with the design and implementation of distributed databases. These guidelines offer a framework for assessing distributed database systems' efficacy. We will examine each of Date's Twelve Rules in detail and consider their relevance to distributed data management in this post. Distribution Independence ... Read More