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In every C/C++ program, execution starts from the main() function. Defining multiple main() functions will result in a compilation error. Can main() be Overloaded in C++? No, we cannot overload the main() function in C++ because main() serves as the entry point of any C++ program and must follow a predefined prototype. While C++ does support function overloading (i.e., multiple functions with the same name but different parameters), this does not apply to the main() function. If you try to create multiple main() functions will result in a compilation error due to invalid overloading. The following are the only two ... Read More
Writing a Binary File To write a binary file in C/C++ use fwrite()/write() method. It is used to write a given number of bytes on the given stream, starting at the position of the "put" pointer. The file is extended if the put pointer is currently at the end of the file. If this pointer points into the middle of the file, characters in the file are overwritten with the new data. If any error has occurred during writing in the file, the stream is placed in an error state. Syntax of write() method Following is the basic syntax of ... Read More
In C++, both delete and free() are used to deallocate the dynamically created memory. In this article, we will learn about the delete operator and free() function with the help of examples. C++ delete Operator The delete operator is used to deallocate the memory. User has privilege to deallocate the created pointer variable by this delete operator. Syntax Here is the syntax of delete operator in C++ language: delete pointer_variable; Here is the syntax to delete the block of allocated memory: delete[ ] pointer_variable; Example Following is the example of delete operator to see its usage in memory ... Read More
Boolean Literals In C++, Boolean literals are the values, which are assigned to variables of the Boolean data type. A Boolean literal represents two values: true or false, which are internally represented as 1 and 0 respectively. A Boolean literal occupies 1 byte (8 bits) of memory and is used for conditions, flags and logical checks. Declaring Boolean Variables You can declare the boolean variables and assign the boolean literals to them by the given following. In this variable1 and variable2 is assigned with boolean literals true and false respectively in C++. bool variable1 = true; bool variable2 = false; ... Read More
If there are repeated values are present in an array in C, then we can use shorthand array notation to define that array. For example, int array[10] = {[0 ... 3]7, [4 ... 5]6, [6 ... 9]2}; // This specifies that index 0-3 will be 7 // index 4-5 will be 6 // and index 6-9 will be 2 // This notation is equivalent to int array[10] = {7, 7, 7, 7, 6, 6, 2, 2, 2, 2}; Example Code Here is an example code that demonstrates the shorthand array notation in C: #include ... Read More
In this article, we will learn different ways to pass arrays to functions in C++ and how to work with them effectively. Passing Arrays to Functions Here are list of approaches to pass arrays to functions in C++ that will be discussed in this article along with examples: As a Sized Array As an Unsized Array As a Pointer (Pass by Pointer) As a Reference (Pass by Reference) As a Sized Array This method passes an array to a ... Read More
Dynamic arrays are a type of array that can change their size when new elements are added or removed. They are created using pointers and memory management operators like new and delete. In this article, we will learn how to create and use a dynamic array in C++. What is Dynamic Array? A dynamic array is an array that can change its size during runtime. This is different from a static arrays, which have a fixed size determined by the programmer at compile time. Dynamic arrays are used when the size of the array is not known at compile ... Read More
A forward declaration informs the compiler that a class, function, or variable is declared earlier, but it will be defined later in the code. In this article, our task is to understand the forward declaration and when to use it. When is Forward Declaration Used in C/C++? The forward declaration can be used in C/C++ in the following cases: In C++, it is used for declaring a friend function. Using the forward declaration, we can reduce the header files that we include in the code. When ... Read More
A suffix is a group of letters added at the end of a word. In Python, we can check if a string ends with any one of multiple suffixes using the endswith() method. It takes a tuple of suffixes as an argument and returns True if the string ends with any of them. This is useful for checking file extensions, URL endings, or word patterns. Using endswith() with Multiple Suffixes The endswith() method allows you to check if a string ends with any one of several suffixes by passing them as a tuple. This helps to check for multiple ... Read More
Argparse is a Python module that helps you create easy-to-use command-line interfaces. When building these interfaces, it is important to handle invalid arguments properly to give clear feedback to users and prevent your program from crashing unexpectedly. There are several ways to handle invalid arguments in argparse. You can catch errors using try-except blocks, restrict allowed options with choices, validate inputs with custom functions and error messages, or control the number of arguments using nargs. Using these methods makes your command-line programs more reliable and user-friendly. Using try and except Blocks One simple method to handle invalid arguments is ... Read More