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Articles on Trending Technologies
Technical articles with clear explanations and examples
Init process on UNIX and Linux systems
The Init process is the parent of all processes in UNIX and Linux systems, executed by the kernel during system boot. Its primary role is to create processes from configuration stored in /etc/inittab. Init spawns getty processes on terminal lines for user logins and controls all autonomous system processes required for proper operation. After reading /etc/inittab, init determines how the system should be configured for each runlevel and sets the default runlevel. Init then starts all background processes after establishing the system's operational state. Process Hierarchy Process Tree Structure ...
Read MoreFinding the PID of the Process Using a Specific Port
In Linux systems, every running process is assigned a unique Process Identification Number (PID) that distinguishes it from other active processes. Similarly, network connections are associated with specific port numbers that identify communication endpoints. System administrators often need to identify which process is using a particular port for network troubleshooting, security auditing, or resource management purposes. This article explores various command-line tools and techniques to find the PID of processes utilizing specific ports in Linux systems. Prerequisites To view detailed process information including PIDs and port usage, you typically need root privileges. Switch to root user using: ...
Read MoreELK Stack Tutorial: Get Started with Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana, & Beats
The ELK Stack is a powerful collection of open-source tools for searching, analyzing, and visualizing log data in real time. Originally consisting of Elasticsearch, Logstash, and Kibana, the stack has evolved to include Beats, forming what's now called the Elastic Stack. This comprehensive solution enables organizations to centralize logging, monitor systems, and gain insights from massive datasets across healthcare, finance, IT, and other industries. Components of ELK Stack ELK Stack Architecture Beats (Data Shippers) Logstash (Processing) ...
Read MoreFind and Delete Files and Directories on Linux
In this article we are going to understand the find command in Linux and how to use it to delete files and directories effectively. The find Command The find command in Linux is a powerful command-line utility that helps you search for files and directories based on specified criteria and perform operations on the results. It can search by name, type, permissions, modification time, and other attributes. The search starts from a specified location and traverses recursively through all subdirectories in the hierarchy. You can limit the search scope by specifying particular directories or using various filtering ...
Read MoreCloud APIs Ultimate Guide
If you've ever used a cloud service, you've likely interacted with an API (Application Programming Interface) at some point. Cloud APIs provide developers with a way to interact with cloud services programmatically, enabling automation, integration, and custom solutions. What is a Cloud API? A Cloud API is an interface that enables developers to interact with cloud services programmatically. Instead of accessing the cloud service through a graphical user interface (GUI), developers can use an API to interact with the cloud service through a program or script. This allows developers to automate tasks, integrate cloud services with other applications, ...
Read MoreHow to Edit Hosts File in Linux, Windows, or Mac?
Have you ever wondered how your computer connects to a website? The answer lies in the Domain Name System (DNS), which translates domain names into IP addresses. But did you know that you can actually edit this process by modifying your computer's hosts file? The hosts file is a simple text file that maps IP addresses to domain names, allowing you to bypass DNS and specify exactly where your computer should look for a website. This file exists on all operating systems and provides local DNS resolution before querying external DNS servers. Editing Hosts File in Linux ...
Read MoreHow to get only the file name using find command on Linux?
The Linux find command is one of the most widely used utilities that allows us to traverse a file hierarchy. It is primarily used to locate specific files or directories, and we can combine it with various flags and options to perform complex operations. Let's explore a basic example of the find command to understand how it works. In the example below, we are searching for a specific file named sample.sh in the current directory: find sample.sh Output sample.sh If the find command locates the file, it prints the file ...
Read MoreWhat is the CPU control register?
Control register is a specialized processor register that changes or controls the general behavior of a CPU or other services in the system. These registers provide direct hardware control and are typically accessible only in privileged kernel mode. Control registers perform critical system-level functions including interrupt control, switching addressing modes, enabling paging mechanisms, and managing coprocessor operations. They act as configuration switches that determine how the processor operates at the hardware level. Types of CPU Control Register Control registers are privileged registers visible only in kernel mode. Different processor architectures implement various control registers with specific purposes ...
Read MoreLinux Process Monitoring
In Linux, the top command is a powerful utility used to monitor running processes in real-time. It displays an ordered list of active processes and updates regularly, showing critical system information like CPU usage, memory consumption, swap memory, cache size, buffer size, process IDs (PIDs), users, and commands. This tool is essential for system administrators to identify processes consuming high memory and CPU resources. How Top Command Works The top command provides a dynamic view of the system's running processes. It refreshes every few seconds by default and sorts processes by CPU usage, with the most resource-intensive processes ...
Read MoreGuide to Linux jq Command for JSON Processing
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a popular data format used for exchanging information between applications. It is lightweight and easy to understand. To process JSON data efficiently, Linux provides a command-line tool called jq. This powerful tool enables users to extract, manipulate, and transform JSON data with ease. With jq, users can quickly perform filtering, sorting, and selecting specific fields. Additionally, jq supports various output formats, making it easy to integrate with other command-line tools. Installation Before using jq, ensure it is installed on your system. jq can be installed using the Linux package manager. Ubuntu/Debian Installation ...
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