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Articles on Trending Technologies
Technical articles with clear explanations and examples
Lossless Real-Time Data Compression with Zstandard (zstd)
Zstandard (zstd) is a high-performance, lossless data compression algorithm developed by Yann Collet. It provides excellent compression ratios while maintaining fast compression and decompression speeds, making it ideal for real-time data processing. Zstd is open-source and supports various data types including text, images, audio, and video files across multiple platforms including Linux, Windows, macOS, and FreeBSD. The algorithm uses advanced techniques like entropy coding and dictionary compression to achieve superior performance compared to traditional compression methods. Its adaptive nature allows it to optimize compression based on data patterns, making it particularly effective for repetitive data structures. Key Features ...
Read MoreRequirements of Linux System Administrator
Linux is a type of operating system that is used in many computers, acting as a common platform between hardware and software applications. It is implemented not only in servers and workstations but also in mobile devices, embedded systems, and cloud infrastructure. Linux OS can be installed and used for free as it comes under open source licensing. The Linux System Administrator is a critical position in Information Technology (IT) organizations, responsible for maintaining, configuring, and securing Linux-based systems that form the backbone of modern enterprise infrastructure. Linux System Administrator Role A Linux System Administrator is a specialized ...
Read MoreN-Step-SCAN disk scheduling
N-Step-SCAN (also called N-Step-LOOK) is a disk scheduling algorithm that improves upon the traditional SCAN algorithm by introducing a parameter N that limits the number of requests processed in one direction before changing direction. Unlike SCAN, which continues moving in one direction until no more requests exist in that direction, N-Step-SCAN processes exactly N requests before reversing direction. This approach provides better control over disk arm movement and can reduce starvation compared to pure SCAN scheduling. How N-Step-SCAN Works The algorithm operates by maintaining the current disk arm position and processing requests in batches of size N ...
Read MoreOn Disk Data Structures
On-disk data structures are specialized data organization methods designed for persistent storage on physical media like hard drives and SSDs. Unlike in-memory structures, they are optimized for the unique characteristics of disk storage — slower access times, block-based I/O, and persistence across system restarts. These structures form the foundation of file systems, databases, and other storage-intensive applications. What are On-Disk Data Structures? On-disk data structures define how data is physically organized and accessed on storage devices. They differ from memory-based structures in several key ways: Block-oriented access — Data is read/written in blocks rather than individual ...
Read MoreMOSINT – OSINT Tool for Emails in Kali Linux
MOSINT is an advanced Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) tool specifically designed for email investigations within the Kali Linux environment. This powerful Python-based tool enables security professionals and ethical hackers to extract valuable insights from email addresses through passive reconnaissance, information gathering, and breach detection. MOSINT leverages the robust foundation of Kali Linux's pre-installed security tools to facilitate comprehensive email intelligence gathering operations. The tool's simplicity and versatility make it an essential component for conducting effective email investigations and enhancing security measures. Installing and Configuring MOSINT MOSINT harnesses the power of Kali Linux, a renowned operating system specifically ...
Read MoreHow to Monitor Linux Users Activity with psacct or acct Tools?
Monitoring user activity in Linux systems is crucial for ensuring system security, optimizing resource usage, and identifying potential issues. By keeping track of user actions, administrators can gain valuable insights into system behavior, detect unauthorized activities, and troubleshoot performance problems. Two widely used tools in the Linux community are psacct and acct. These tools provide comprehensive functionality for tracking and analyzing user actions, allowing system administrators to maintain a robust and secure environment through detailed process accounting. Understanding Process Accounting Tools Process accounting is a Linux kernel feature that logs information about every process that terminates on ...
Read MoreHow to Write Scripts Using Awk Programming Language?
Awk is a powerful text-processing language named after its three original authors: Alfred Aho, Peter Weinberger, and Brian Kernighan. It's a versatile language primarily used for pattern scanning and processing, and is a staple of Unix scripting commonly used for tasks like data extraction, reporting, and data transformation. Awk scripts are quick to write and perform well for small to medium-sized tasks. This article introduces you to the basics of writing scripts using the Awk programming language. Basic Syntax An Awk program consists of a sequence of pattern-action pairs, written as − pattern { action ...
Read MoreLook aside Buffer
A Look-aside Buffer (LAB) is a type of cache memory used in computer systems to store frequently accessed data. The LAB is positioned between the CPU and main memory, acting as a high-speed buffer to improve overall system performance by reducing memory access latency. The LAB operates by caching frequently accessed data from main memory. When the CPU requests data, the LAB first checks if the data exists in its buffer. If found (a hit), the data is immediately retrieved and sent to the CPU, significantly reducing access time compared to fetching from main memory. Where Look Aside ...
Read MoreMTR – A Network Diagnostic Tool for Linux
MTR (My Traceroute) is a powerful network diagnostic tool that combines the functionality of traceroute and ping commands. It provides real-time network path analysis by sending packets to a target host and measuring round-trip times, packet loss, and latency at each hop along the route. Unlike traditional traceroute tools that provide a one-time snapshot, MTR continuously monitors the network path, displaying live statistics in an interactive format. This makes it invaluable for diagnosing network performance issues, identifying bottlenecks, and troubleshooting connectivity problems in Linux environments. How MTR Works MTR sends a series of packets with incrementing TTL ...
Read MoreHow to Zip a File in Linux?
File compression is a fundamental task in Linux system administration for managing storage space and efficiently transferring files. Linux provides several powerful command-line tools including gzip, zip, tar, and others for compressing files and directories. This guide covers the most commonly used compression methods and their practical applications. Using the gzip Command gzip (GNU zip) is a widely-used command for single file compression in Linux. It provides excellent compression ratios and is included by default in most distributions. gzip filename.txt This command compresses filename.txt and renames it to filename.txt.gz. The original file is replaced ...
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