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A graph is a diagram of points and lines connected to the points. It has at least one line joining a set of two vertices with no vertex connecting itself. The concept of graphs in graph theory stands up on some basic terms such as point, line, vertex, edge, degree of vertices, properties of graphs, etc. Here, in this chapter, we will cover these fundamentals of graph theory.PointA point is a particular position in a one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or three-dimensional space. For better understanding, a point can be denoted by an alphabet. It can be represented with a dot.ExampleHere, the dot ... Read More
For this, use CONCAT(). Let us first create a table −mysql> create table DemoTable644 (Title text); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.81 sec)Insert some records in the table using insert command −mysql> insert into DemoTable644 values('Introduction'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.14 sec) mysql> insert into DemoTable644 values('Welcome in course'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.10 sec)Display all records from the table using select statement −mysql> select *from DemoTable644;This will produce the following output −+-------------------+ | Title | +-------------------+ | Introduction | | Welcome in course | +-------------------+ 2 rows ... Read More
Euler Graph - A connected graph G is called an Euler graph, if there is a closed trail which includes every edge of the graph G.Euler Path - An Euler path is a path that uses every edge of a graph exactly once. An Euler path starts and ends at different vertices.Euler Circuit - An Euler circuit is a circuit that uses every edge of a graph exactly once. An Euler circuit always starts and ends at the same vertex. A connected graph G is an Euler graph if and only if all vertices of G are of even degree, ... Read More
Let us first create a table −mysql> create table DemoTable643 (ClientId int); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.86 sec)Insert some records in the table using insert command −mysql> insert into DemoTable643 values(1000); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.19 sec)Display all records from the table using select statement −mysql> select *from DemoTable643;This will produce the following output −+----------+ | ClientId | +----------+ | 1000 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)Here is the query to MySQL stored procedure with IF THEN END IF −mysql> DELIMITER // mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE IF_DEMO(argument int) BEGIN DECLARE firstArgument int; DECLARE ... Read More
Cardinality of a set S, denoted by |S|, is the number of elements of the set. The number is also referred as the cardinal number. If a set has an infinite number of elements, its cardinality is ∞.Example − |{1, 4, 3, 5}| = 4, |{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ....}| = ∞If there are two sets X and Y, |X| = |Y| denotes two sets X and Y having same cardinality. It occurs when the number of elements in X is exactly equal to the number of elements in Y. In this case, there exists a bijective function ‘f’ ... Read More
Let us first create a table −mysql> create table DemoTable642( EmployeeId int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, EmployeeName archar(100), EmployeeCompanyNamevarchar(100) ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.81 sec)Insert some records in the table using insert command −mysql> insert into DemoTable642(EmployeeName, EmployeeCompanyName) values('John', 'Google'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.16 sec) mysql> insert into DemoTable642(EmployeeName, EmployeeCompanyName) values('Carol', 'Microsoft'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.17 sec) mysql> insert into DemoTable642(EmployeeName, EmployeeCompanyName) values('John', 'Amazon'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.11 sec) mysql> insert into DemoTable642(EmployeeName, EmployeeCompanyName) values('Carol', 'Google'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.37 sec) mysql> insert into DemoTable642(EmployeeName, EmployeeCompanyName) values('John', 'Flipkart'); ... Read More
Let us first create a table −mysql> create table DemoTable1 (Id int, Name varchar(100)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.89 sec)Insert some records in the table using insert command −mysql> insert into DemoTable1 values(100, 'John'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.19 sec) mysql> insert into DemoTable1 values(110, 'Chris'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.16 sec) mysql> insert into DemoTable1 values(120, 'Robert'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.12 sec) mysql> insert into DemoTable1 values(130, 'David'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.14 sec)Display all records from the table using select statement −mysql> select *from DemoTable1;This will produce the following output −+------+--------+ | ... Read More
There are a variety of mathematical series which python can handle gracefully. One such series is a series of repeated digits. Here we take a digit and add it to the next number which has two such digits and again the next number is three such digits and so on. Finally, we calculate the sum of all such numbers in the series.ApproachWe take a digit and convert it to string. Then concatenate two such strings to get the double digit number and keep concatenating to get higher numbers of such digits. Then we implement a recursive function to add all ... Read More
For this, you need to set AUTO_INCREMENT as 1000 −alter table yourTableName AUTO_INCREMENT = 1000;Let us first create a table −mysql> create table DemoTable639 ( StudentId int PRIMARY KEY, StudentStartId int AUTO_INCREMENT, StudentName VARCHAR(50), INDEX(StudentStartId) ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.86 sec)Following is the query to set auto increment with value 1000 −mysql> alter table DemoTable639 AUTO_INCREMENT = 1000; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.28 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0Insert some records in the table using insert command −mysql> insert into DemoTable639(StudentId, StudentName) values(1, 'John'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.17 sec) mysql> ... Read More
For conditions, use IF(). Let us first create a table −mysql> create table DemoTable637 (ClientId int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, ClientName varchar(100), ClientAge int ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.82 sec)Insert some records in the table using insert command −mysql> insert into DemoTable637(ClientName, ClientAge) values('Chris', 23); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.17 sec) mysql> insert into DemoTable637(ClientName, ClientAge) values('Robert', 24); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.13 sec) mysql> insert into DemoTable637(ClientName, ClientAge) values('David', 57); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.20 sec) mysql> insert into DemoTable637(ClientName, ClientAge) values('Carol', 60); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.13 sec)Display all records ... Read More