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In digital images, the gaussian noise is a type of noise that follows a normal or Gaussian distribution. In a digital image, the gaussian noise is visualized as a random variation in pixel intensities. The estimation of gaussian noise is one of the important tasks in digital image processing utilized to perform various operations such as denoising, image restoration, and more. Methods of Estimating Gaussian Noise in Digital Image We can estimate the Gaussian noise in a digital image using various methods. The following are some commonly used methods for estimating the gaussian noise. Standard Deviation Method Histogram Analysis ... Read More
In digital image processing, denoising is a process of reducing or removing the unwanted noise from a digital image. The primary objective of this process is to enhance the visual quality of an image. Before discussing the different denoising techniques in digital image processing, let us first get an overview of the basics of denoising. What is Denoising in Digital Image Processing? In a digital image, any kind of variation that is unwanted is termed as noise. Noise in a digital image can occur due to different reasons such as environmental conditions, hardware malfunctioning, transmission errors, etc. The process of ... Read More
In this problem, we will count the maximum number of 10 and 01 pairs that can be formed using the given binary string. To solve the problem, we can check the number of 10 and 01 pairs we can form using adjacent characters without sharing any characters in two pairs. Problem Statement We have given a bin_str binary string. We need to count the maximum number of 10 and 01 pairs we can make using the adjacent characters only. Also, we can use one character in any single pair. Two pairs can't share a single character. Sample Examples Input ... Read More
In this problem, we need to print the element from the given index after rotating the array for K times. This problem teaches us to find the element from the particular index in the rotational array. At first sight, the solution that comes to mind is that rotate the array for K times and access the Mth element, but we will also learn to access the Mth element in the rotational array without rotating the array. Problem Statement We have given arr[] array containing N numbers. Also, we have given the positive integer M and K. We need to rotate ... Read More
In this problem, we will rotate the array by K left rotations and find the Mth element in the rotated array. The naïve approach to solve the problem is to rotate the array by K left rotation and take the element from the M – 1 index. The optimized approach is to find the final index value in such a way that the final index is the M – 1 index of the rotated array. Problem Statement We have given a nums[] array containing the positive integers. We have also given the positive integer K and M. We need ... Read More
In this problem, we will find the index value for each pair such that the resultant pair's average value is just greater than the current pair's average value. To solve the problem, we will use the sorting algorithm and binary search technique. We will use a sorting algorithm to sort the array based on the pair's average value and a binary search algorithm to search a pair with a greater average value from the sorted array. Problem Statement We have given a pairs[] array containing the N pairs of positive integers. It is also given that the first element of ... Read More
In this problem, we will count the number of unique strings we can generate by replacing each vowel with the closest consonant and each consonant with the closest vowel. We can find the number of choices for each character of the string to replace the current character with other characters. After that, we can multiply the number of choices of each character to get the answer. Problem Statement We have given an alpha string. We need to count the total number of different strings we can generate from the given string by performing the below operations on each character of ... Read More
Keywords are important in any programming language, as they are reserved words with a particular predefined meaning. The keywords are used to define the variables, function, and class, change the program's control flow, traverse the list, etc. When we talk about the 'String', it is a fundamental data type to represent a series of characters. Some programming languages refer to the 'String' as a class, and some programming languages refer to the 'String' as a keyword. In this tutorial, we will explore the use of the 'String' word in the programming language. C/C++ The C or C++ programming languages are ... Read More
In this article, we will learn about Mex and will also generate the C++ code that returns the kth index of the series so formed by using append and MEX (>0) operations on the given sequence. The roadmap of the operations to be performed is given below − Start with a sequence containing only the number 1 i.e, [1]. Now, we need to perform (n-1) steps − In each step, we append the current series by itself. For example, if the existing series is [1, 2, 3], after appending, it becomes [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]. Now, find ... Read More
This this article, we will discuss the different approaches to calculate the sum of the given series. Problem Statement We are given a number and our task is to calculate the sum of the series Σ (n / i) for I =0 to i=n. We are given any given value of n where n can be any number less than 10^12 considering on integer division. For example, if the given input is 10, The sum of given series can be written as (10/1) + (10/2) + (10/3) + (10/4) + (10/5) + (10/6) + (10/7) + (10/8) + ... Read More