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The border-spacing specifies the width between table cells. It can take either one or two values; these should be units of length.ExampleYou can try to run the following code to set the width of table cells: table.one { border-collapse:separate; width:300px; border-spacing:15px 40px; } The border-spacing property India UK
UPDATE Operation on any database means to update one or more records, which are already available in the database.The following procedure updates all the records having SEX as 'M'. Here, we increase AGE of all the males by one year.Example#!/usr/bin/python import MySQLdb # Open database connection db = MySQLdb.connect("localhost", "testuser", "test123", "TESTDB" ) # prepare a cursor object using cursor() method cursor = db.cursor() # Prepare SQL query to UPDATE required records sql = "UPDATE EMPLOYEE SET AGE = AGE + 1 WHERE SEX = '%c'" % ('M') try: # Execute the SQL command cursor.execute(sql) # Commit your ... Read More
Multithreading allows the execution of multiple parts of a program at the same time. These parts are known as threads and are lightweight processes available within the process. So multithreading leads to maximum utilization of the CPU by multitasking.Some of the benefits of multithreaded programming are given as follows −Resource SharingAll the threads of a process share its resources such as memory, data, files etc. A single application can have different threads within the same address space using resource sharing.ResponsivenessProgram responsiveness allows a program to run even if part of it is blocked using multithreading. This can also be done ... Read More
READ Operation on any database means to fetch some useful information from the database.Once our database connection is established, you are ready to make a query into this database. You can use either fetchone() method to fetch single record or fetchall() method to fetech multiple values from a database table.fetchone() − It fetches the next row of a query result set. A result set is an object that is returned when a cursor object is used to query a table.fetchall() − It fetches all the rows in a result set. If some rows have already been extracted from the result ... Read More
The critical section is a code segment where the shared variables can be accessed. An atomic action is required in a critical section i.e. only one process can execute in its critical section at a time. All the other processes have to wait to execute in their critical sections.A diagram that demonstrates the critical section is as follows −In the above diagram, the entry section handles the entry into the critical section. It acquires the resources needed for execution by the process. The exit section handles the exit from the critical section. It releases the resources and also informs the ... Read More
Process communication is the mechanism provided by the operating system that allows processes to communicate with each other. This communication could involve a process letting another process know that some event has occurred or transferring of data from one process to another. One of the models of process communication is the shared memory model.The shared memory in the shared memory model is the memory that can be simultaneously accessed by multiple processes. This is done so that the processes can communicate with each other. All POSIX systems, as well as Windows operating systems use shared memory.A diagram that illustrates the ... Read More
A process is an active program. It can also be said as a program that is under execution. It is more than the program code as it includes the program counter, process stack, registers, program code etc.A process passes through different states as it executes. A diagram that illustrates all these states is as follows −Details about the running, waiting and terminated process are given as follows −Running ProcessThe process is said to be in running state when the process instructions are being executed by the processor. This is done once the process is assigned to the processor using the ... Read More
It is required when you want to create your records into a database table.ExampleThe following example, executes SQL INSERT statement to create a record into EMPLOYEE table −#!/usr/bin/python import MySQLdb # Open database connection db = MySQLdb.connect("localhost", "testuser", "test123", "TESTDB" ) # prepare a cursor object using cursor() method cursor = db.cursor() # Prepare SQL query to INSERT a record into the database. sql = """INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE(FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, AGE, SEX, INCOME) VALUES ('Mac', 'Mohan', 20, 'M', 2000)""" try: # Execute the SQL command cursor.execute(sql) # Commit your changes in the database db.commit() except: # ... Read More
Process Scheduling handles the selection of a process for the processor on the basis of a scheduling algorithm and also the removal of a process from the processor. It is an important part of multiprogramming in operating system.Process scheduling involves short-term scheduling, medium-term scheduling and long-term scheduling. Details about these are given as follows −Long-Term SchedulingLong-term scheduling involves selecting the processes from the storage pool in the secondary memory and loading them into the ready queue in the main memory for execution. This is handled by the long-term scheduler or job scheduler.The long-term scheduler controls the degree of multiprogramming. It ... Read More
Once a database connection is established, we are ready to create tables or records into the database tables using execute method of the created cursor.ExampleLet us create Database table EMPLOYEE −#!/usr/bin/python import MySQLdb # Open database connection db = MySQLdb.connect("localhost", "testuser", "test123", "TESTDB" ) # prepare a cursor object using cursor() method cursor = db.cursor() # Drop table if it already exist using execute() method. cursor.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS EMPLOYEE") # Create table as per requirement sql = """CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE ( FIRST_NAME CHAR(20) NOT NULL, LAST_NAME CHAR(20), AGE INT, SEX CHAR(1), INCOME FLOAT )""" cursor.execute(sql) # ... Read More