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String is an important part of programming. Strings are the array of character types. In competitive exams like GATE also it is an important topic. So let’s discuss some key points about string and then we will proceed to some questions that will help you clear your concepts about string.String in a programming language can be stored in two different ways. They are using character array (char str[size]) and using a pointer that will point to the string (char * ch = “Hello”). There are some important things related to the use of the character array and pointer to a ... Read More
Recurrence relations are equations that recursively defines a multidimensional array.Here we will solve so questions based on recurrence relations.Solve the recurrence reation:T(n) = 12T(n/2) + 9n2 + 2. T(n) = 12T(n/2) + 9n2 + 2. Here, a = 12 and b = 2 and f(n) = 9(n)2 + 2 It is of the form f(n) = O(n^c), where c = 2This form its in the master’s theorem condition, So, logb(a) = log2(12) = 3.58 Using case 1 of the masters theorm, T(n) = θ(n3.58).Solve the recurrence reation:T(n) = 5T(n/2 + 23) + 5n2 + 7n - 5/3. T(n) = 5T(n/2 ... Read More
Taking advantage of the for loop and range function in python, we can draw a variety of for pyramid structures. The key to the approach is designing the appropriate for loop which will leave both vertical and horizontal space for the position of the symbol we choose for drawing the pyramid structure.Pattern -1We draw a right angle based pattern.Example Live Demodef pyramid(p): for m in range(0, p): for n in range(0, m+1): print("* ", end="") print("\r") p = 10 pyramid(p)OutputRunning the above code gives us the following result −* * ... Read More
Identifier is the name given to an entity in programming to identify it in the program.Generally, identifiers are created by the programmer for efficient working but there are some predefined identifiers that are inbuilt in programming. For example, cout, cin, etc.Here, we will see one of these predefined identifiers of C programming language which is __func__.The formal definition of __func__ is −“The identifier __func__ shall be implicitly declared by the translator as if, immediately following the opening brace of each function definition, the declarationstatic const char __func__[] = “function-name”;appeared, where function-name is the name of the lexically-enclosing function.”C program The ... Read More
In this game, there are two players X and Y. our task is to predict who will win the game if both play optimally and X starts the game.GameIn the coin game, there are two piles with N and M number of coins. One of the players chooses any one of the piles for the game. Then the task is to divide the piles into two halves till any one player cannot further divide the piles.Let’s take an example to understand the problem, Input: M = 2 , N = 2 Output:XExplanation - X starts the game and choose M pile(both ... Read More
Python’s libraries to draw graphs has very extensive features which can not only give us charts but also give us flexibility to draw other diagrams like flags. In that sense those modules have an artistic touch. In this article we will see how to draw the Indian flag using the libraries numpy and matplotlib.AppraochWe create three rectangles of same width and draw them with appropriate colours and borders.Use pyplot function to draw the circle of the Ashok Chakra at the center of the middle rectangle.Use numpy and matplotlib to draw the 24 lines inside the Ashok Chakra.In all the above ... Read More
In this problem, we are given an array of n numbers. And there are two players X and Y. Our task is to predict the winner of the game.For player X to win the absolute difference of the sum of numbers by X and Y should be a multiple of 4. If it is not divisible by 4, then Y wins. Player X starts the game.Let’s take an example to understand the problem, Input: a[] = {3 6 9 12} Output: X Explaination: X selects 3 and 6 Y selects 12 and 9 |3+6 - 12+9| = 12, 12 is ... Read More
Preemptive Scheduling is a CPU scheduling technique that works by dividing time slots of CPU to a given process. The time slot given might be able to complete the whole process or might not be able to it. When the burst time of the process is greater than CPU cycle, it is placed back into the ready queue and will execute in the next chance. This scheduling is used when the process switch to ready state.Algorithms that are backed by preemptive Scheduling are round-robin (RR), priority, SRTF (shortest remaining time first).Non-preemptive Scheduling is a CPU scheduling technique the process takes ... Read More
In Academics it is a common requirement to find the grades of students after an assessment. In this article we will create a Python program which will assign the grades based on the grading criteria. Will call it A grade calculator.Grading criteriaBelow is the grading criteria we have chosen for the program.score >= 90 : "O" score >= 80 : "A+" score >= 70 : "A" score >= 60 : "B+" score >= 50 : "B" score >= 40 : "C"Program ApproachInitialize variables and array to hold the student details including the marks obtained by individual subjects.Define a function to ... Read More
In this problem, we are given a 2D array of integer values mat[][]. Our task is to print the prefix sum matrix of mat.Prefix sum matrix: every element of the matrix is the sum elements above and left of it. i.eprefixSum[i][j] = mat[i][j] + mat[i-1][j]...mat[0][j] + mat[i][j-1] +... mat[i][0].Let’s take an example to understand the problemInput: arr =[ [4 6 1] [5 7 2] [3 8 9] ] Output:[ [4 10 11] [9 22 25] [12 33 45] ]To solve this problem, ... Read More