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The Throwable class is a superclass of all errors and exceptions in Java. Objects that are instances of this class are thrown by the Java Virtual Machine or can be thrown by a throw statement. Similarly, this class or one of its subclasses can be the argument type in a catch clause.Instances of two subclasses Error and Exception are used to indicate that exceptional situations have occurred, these instances are created in the context of the exceptional situation to include relevant information.Commonly used exception methods of Throwable classpublic String getMessage(): returns the message string about the exception.public Throwable getCause(): returns the cause of the exception. ... Read More
Yes, we can declare the main () method as final in Java. The compiler does not throw any error.If we declare any method as final by placing the final keyword then that method becomes the final method.The main use of the final method in Java is they are not overridden.We can not override final methods in subclasses.If we are using inheritance and we need some methods not to overridden in subclasses then we need to make it final so that those methods can't be overridden by subclasses.We can access final methods in the subclass but we can not override final methods.Exampleclass BaseClass ... Read More
MySQL returns a specified number of characters of a string with the help of LEFT() and RIGHT() functions.MySQL LEFT() function will return the specified number of characters from the left of the string.SyntaxLEFT(str, length)Here str is the string from which a number of characters would be returned and the length is an integer value which specifies how many characters to be returned.Examplemysql> Select LEFT('My Name is Ram', 7); +---------------------------+ | LEFT('My Name is Ram', 7) | +---------------------------+ | My Name | +---------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)MySQL RIGHT() function will ... Read More
AWT stands for Abstract Window ToolKit and it supports Java GUI programming. It is a portable GUI library for Stand-alone Java applications/applets. The AWT provides the connection between our application and the native GUI while Java Swing implements a set of GUI components that build on AWT technology and it can provide a pluggable look and feel. Java Swing is implemented entirely in the Java programming language.First of all, by a heavy-weight, it means the code will take comparatively more time to load and it will consume more System resources. AWT is considered to be heavy-weight because its components are dependent ... Read More
As we know that certain objects within MySQL are known as identifiers. These objects include a database, table, index, column, alias, view, stored procedure, partition, tablespace etc. Identifiers are stored using Unicode (UTF-8). The maximum length of each type of identifier is given in the following table:Sr. No.IdentifierMaximum Length (characters)1Database642Table643Column644Index645Constraint646Stored Procedure or Function647Trigger648View649Event6410Tablespace6411Log File Group6412Alias25613Compound Statement Label16
A Java program can be classified into two types, one is an Application and another is an Applet.ApplicationAn application is a stand-alone java program that runs with the support of a virtual machine in a client or server-side.A java application is designed to perform a specific function to run on any Java-compatible virtual machine regardless of the computer architecture.An application is either executed for the user or for some other application program.Examples of java applications include database programs, development tools, word processors, text and image editing programs, spreadsheets, web browsers, etc.Examplepublic class Demo { public static void main(String args[]) ... Read More
Every class object is created using the same new keyword, so it must have information about the class to which it must create an object. For this reason, the constructor name should be the same as the class name.Exampleclass MyConstructor{ public MyConstructor() { System.out.println("The constructor name should be same as the class name"); } public static void main(String args[]){ MyConstructor mc = new MyConstructor(); } }In the above program, the constructor name should be the same as the class name (MyConstructor).OutputThe constructor name should be same as the class name
Instance VariablesA variable which is declared inside a class and outside all the methods and blocks is an instance variable. The general scope of an instance variable is throughout the class except in static methods. The lifetime of an instance variable is until the object stays in memory.Class VariablesA variable which is declared inside a class, outside all the blocks and is marked static is known as a class variable. The general scope of a class variable is throughout the class and the lifetime of a class variable is until the end of the program or as long as the ... Read More
In this case, MySQL will not pad anything and truncate the characters from the original string up to the value of length provided as the argument in LPAD() or RPAD() functions.Examplemysql> Select LPAD('ABCD',3,'*'); +--------------------+ | LPAD('ABCD',3,'*') | +--------------------+ | ABC | +--------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> Select RPAD('ABCD',3,'*'); +--------------------+ | RPAD('ABCD',3,'*') | +--------------------+ | ABC | +--------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)We can observe from the above example that both the functions do not pad ‘*’ and truncate the original string up to the length specified i.e. 3 as the argument.
For using LPAD() or RPAD() functions with the column values we need to specify the column name as the first argument of these functions. Following the example from ‘Student’ table will make it clearer −Examplemysql> Select Name, LPAD(Name, 10, '*') from student; +---------+-------------------+ | Name | LPAD(Name, 10, '*') | +---------+-------------------+ | Gaurav | ****Gaurav | | Aarav | *****Aarav | | Harshit | ***Harshit | | Gaurav | ****Gaurav | | Yashraj | ***Yashraj | +---------+-------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.08 ... Read More