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When you instantiate a template in C++, the compiler creates a new class. This class has all the places where you placed the template arguments replaced with the actual argument you pass to it when using it. For example −template class MyClass { T foo; T myMethod(T arg1, T arg2) { // Impl } };And somewhere in your program use this class, MyClass x;The compiler creates a new class upon encountering this for every type argument you pass it. For example, if you created 3 objects with different template arguments you'll get 3 classes, ... Read More
Static blockThe static blocks are executed at the time of class loading.The static blocks are executed before running the main () method.The static blocks don't have any name in its prototype.If we want any logic that needs to be executed at the time of class loading that logic needs to placed inside the static block so that it will be executed at the time of class loading.Syntaxstatic { //some statements }ExampleLive Demopublic class StaticBlockTest { static { System.out.println("Static Block!"); } public static void main(String args[]) { System.out.println("Welcome to Tutorials Point!"); } }OutputStatic Block! ... Read More
Global variables are defined outside of all the functions, usually on top of the program. The global variables will hold their value throughout the lifetime of your program.A global variable can be accessed by any function. That is, a global variable is available for use throughout your entire program after its declaration. Example#include using namespace std; // Global variable declaration: int g; int main () { // Local variable declaration: int a, b; a = 10; b = 20; g = a + b; cout
An lvalue (locator value) represents an object that occupies some identifiable location in memory (i.e. has an address).rvalues are defined by exclusion. Every expression is either an lvalue or an rvalue, so, an rvalue is an expression that does not represent an object occupying some identifiable location in memory.For example, An assignment expects an lvalue as its left operand, so the following is valid −int i = 10; But this is not: int i; 10 = i;This is because i has an address in memory and is a lvalue. While 10 doesn't have an identifiable memory location and hence is an rvalue. ... Read More
An anonymous inner class is an inner class which is declared without any class name at all. In other words, a nameless inner class is called an anonymous inner class. Since it does not have a name, it cannot have a constructor because we know that a constructor name is the same as the class name.We can define an anonymous inner class and create its object using the new operator at the same time in one step.Syntaxnew(argument-list){ // Anonymous class body }Types of Anonymous Inner Class in JavaAnonymous inner class that extends a classAnonymous inner class that implements an interfaceAnonymous inner ... Read More
A class that is declared inside a class but outside a method is known as member inner class.We can instantiate a member Inner class in two waysInvoked within the classInvoked outside the classRules for Inner ClassThe outer class (the class containing the inner class) can instantiate as many numbers of inner class objects as it wishes, inside its code.If the inner class is public & the containing class as well, then code in some other unrelated class can as well create an instance of the inner class.No inner class objects are automatically instantiated with an outer class object.If the inner ... Read More
By using –v option in batch mode, the MySQL statements can be printed along with output. For example, after running the same query in batch mode with –v option we will get the statement printed along with output.C:\Program Files\MySQL\bin>mysql -u root -p gaurav < hh.sql -v Enter password: ***** -------------- select * from hh -------------- id 1 2It is showing the statement select * from hh which is written in the file hh.sql.
An enumerated type declares an optional type name and a set of zero or more identifiers that can be used as values of the type. Each enumerator is a constant whose type is the enumeration. These are also called as enumerated constants.For example, if you are creating an application that has a fixed number of types for some variable. For example, let's say gender, it can be of three types male, female and others. You can define and use an enum like −#include using namespace std; enum Gender {MALE, FEMALE, OTHERS}; int main() { Gender gen = Gender.FEMALE; ... Read More
Character constants are one or more members of the “source character set, ” the character set in which a program is written, surrounded by single quotation marks ('). They are used to represent characters in the “execution character set, ” the character set on the machine where the program executes. These are sometimes also called character literals.In C++, A character literal is composed of a constant character. It is represented by the character surrounded by single quotation marks. There are two kinds of character literals − Narrow-character literals of type char, for example, 'a' Wide-character literals of type wchar_t, for example, L'a'The ... Read More
Floating-point constants specify values that must have a fractional part.Floating-point constants have a "mantissa, " which specifies the value of the number, an "exponent, " which specifies the magnitude of the number, and an optional suffix that specifies the constant's type(double or float).The mantissa is specified as a sequence of digits followed by a period, followed by an optional sequence of digits representing the fractional part of the number. For example −24.25 12.00These values can also contain exponents. For example, 24.25e3 which is equivalent to 24250In C++ you can use the following code to create a floating point constant −ExampleLive ... Read More