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An OrderedDict is a dictionary subclass that remembers the order in which its contents are added, supporting the usual dict methods.If a new entry overwrites an existing entry, the original insertion position is left unchanged. Deleting an entry and reinserting it will move it to the end.>>> from collections import OrderedDict >>> d = {'banana': 3, 'apple':4, 'pear': 1, 'mango': 2} >>> od=OrderedDict(d.items()) >>> od OrderedDict([('banana', 3), ('apple', 4), ('pear', 1), ('mango', 2)]) >>> od=OrderedDict(sorted(d.items())) >>> od OrderedDict([('apple', 4), ('banana', 3), ('mango', 2), ('pear', 1)]) >>> t=od.popitem() >>> t ('pear', 1) >>> od=OrderedDict(d.items()) >>> t=od.popitem() >>> t ('mango', 2)
Python's set object represents built-in set class. Different set operations such as union, intersection, difference and symmetric difference can be performed either by calling corresponding methods or by using operators.Union by method>>> s1={1,2,3,4,5} >>> s2={4,5,6,7,8} >>> s1.union(s2) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} >>> s2.union(s1) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}Union by | operator>>> s1={1,2,3,4,5} >>> s2={4,5,6,7,8} >>> s1|s2 {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}Intersection by method>>> s1={1,2,3,4,5} >>> s2={4,5,6,7,8} >>> s1.intersection(s2) {4, 5} >>> s2.intersection(s1) {4, 5}Intersection & operator>>> s1={1,2,3,4,5} >>> s2={4,5,6,7,8} >>> s1&s2 {4, 5} >>> s2&s1 {4, 5}Difference method>>> s1={1,2,3,4,5} >>> s2={4,5,6,7,8} >>> s1.difference(s2) {1, 2, 3} >>> s2.difference(s1) {8, 6, 7}Difference - operator>>> s1={1,2,3,4,5} >>> s2={4,5,6,7,8} >>> s1-s2 {1, 2, 3} >>> s2-s1 {8, 6, 7}
Although infinity doesn't have a concrete representation, the closest number to negative infinity is represented as return value of float() function with '-inf' as argument>>> a=float('-inf') >>> -inf
Although infinity doesn't have a concrete representation, the closest number to infinity is represented as return value of float() function with 'inf' as argument>>> a=float('inf') >>> a inf
The method modf() returns the fractional and integer parts of x in a two-item tuple. Both parts have the same sign as x. The integer part is returned as a float. First item in tuple is fractional part>>> import math >>> math.modf(100.73) (0.730000000000004, 100.0) >>> math.modf(-5.55) (-0.5499999999999998, -5.0)
Following program accepts a number and index from user. The recursive funcion rpower() uses these two as arguments. The function multiplies the number repeatedly and recursively to return power.Exampledef rpower(num,idx): if(idx==1): return(num) else: return(num*rpower(num,idx-1)) base=int(input("Enter number: ")) exp=int(input("Enter index: ")) rpow=rpower(base,exp) print("{} raised to {}: {}".format(base,exp,rpow))OutputHere is a sample run −Enter number: 10 Enter index: 3 10 raised to 3: 1000
Both notify and notifyAll are the methods of thread class and used to provide notification for the thread.But there are some significant differences between both of these methods which we would discuss below.Following are the important differences between notify and notifyAll.Sr. No.KeynotifynotifyAll1NotificationIn case of multiThreading notify() method sends the notification to only one thread among the multiple waiting threads which are waiting for lock.While notifyAll() methods in the same context sends the notification to all waiting threads instead of single one thread.2Thread identificationAs in case of notify the notification is sent to single thread among the multiple waiting threads so ... Read More
Multiplication of two matrices is possible only when number of columns in first matrix equals number of rows in second matrix.Multiplication can be done using nested loops. Following program has two matrices x and y each with 3 rows and 3 columns. The resultant z matrix will also have 3X3 structure. Element of each row of first matrix is multiplied by corresponding element in column of second matrix.ExampleX = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]] Y = [[10, 11, 12], [13, 14, 15], ... Read More
Principle used in following solution to this problem is to divide given number with all from 3 its square root, a number's square root is largest possible factor beyond which it is not necessary to check if it is divisible by any other number to decide that it is prime number.The function returns false for all numbers divisible by 2 and less than 2. For others return value of all) function will be false if it is divisible by any number upto its square root and true if it is not divisible by any numberExampledef is_prime(a): if a ... Read More
A Java both int and Integer are used to store integer type data the major difference between both is type of int is primitive while Integer is of class type.This difference become significant when concept of OOPs comes in picture during development as int follows the principle of primitive data type while Integer behave as a wrapper class.Following are the important differences between int and Integer.Sr. No.KeyintInteger1TypeA int is a data type that stores 32 bit signed two's compliment integer.On other hand Integer is a wrapper class which wraps a primitive type int into an object.2Purposeint helps in storing integer ... Read More