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High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) is a group of communication protocols of the data link layer for transmitting data between network points or nodes. Since it is a data link protocol, data is organized into frames. A frame is transmitted via the network to the destination that verifies its successful arrival. It is a bit - oriented protocol that is applicable for both point - to - point and multipoint communications.Transfer ModesHDLC supports two types of transfer modes, normal response mode and asynchronous balanced mode.Normal Response Mode (NRM) − Here, two types of stations are there, a primary station that ... Read More
Data Abstraction is a process of hiding unwanted or irrelevant details from the end user. It provides a different view and helps in achieving data independence which is used to enhance the security of data.The database systems consist of complicated data structures and relations. For users to access the data easily, these complications are kept hidden, and only the relevant part of the database is made accessible to the users through data abstraction.Levels of abstraction for DBMSDatabase systems include complex data-structures. In terms of retrieval of data, reduce complexity in terms of usability of users and in order to make ... Read More
Decimal number is most familiar number system to the general public. It is base 10 which has only 10 symbols − 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. Whereas Binary number is most familiar number system to the digital systems, networking, and computer professionals. It is base 2 which has only 2 symbols: 0 and 1, these digits can be represented by off and on respectively.Conversion from Decimal to Binary number systemThere are various direct or indirect methods to convert a decimal number into binary number. In an indirect method, you need to convert a decimal ... Read More
In this tutorial, we are going to learn how can we delay a function in JavaScript. Whenever we want to call a function after a specified amount of time than we use the delay function in JavaScript. To provide delay in JavaScript function we use a global window object named as setTimeout(). This function allows us to provide a specific delay before executing a function. Let’s deep down into some of the functionalities, syntax and many other things of setTimeout() function. The setTimeout() method mainly require two one is the function which we need to execute with some delay and ... Read More
Binary is the simplest kind of number system that uses only two digits of 0 and 1 (i.e. value of base 2). Since digital electronics have only these two states (either 0 or 1), so binary number is most preferred in modern computer engineer, networking and communication specialists, and other professionals.Whereas Hexadecimal number is one of the number systems which has value is 16 and it has only 16 symbols − 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and A, B, C, D, E, F. Where A, B, C, D, E and F are single bit representations ... Read More
In this section, we will see different addressing modes of the 8051 microcontrollers. In 8051 there are 1-byte, 2-byte instructions and very few 3-byte instructions are present. The opcodes are 8-bit long. As the opcodes are 8-bit data, there are 256 possibilities. Among 256, 255 opcodes are implemented.The clock frequency is12MHz, so 64 instruction types are executed in just 1 µs, and rest are just 2 µs. The Multiplication and Division operations take 4 µsto to execute.In 8051 There are six types of addressing modes. Immediate AddressingModeRegister AddressingModeDirect AddressingModeRegister IndirectAddressing ModeIndexed AddressingModeImplied AddressingModeImmediate addressing modeIn this Immediate Addressing Mode, the data ... Read More
Both BFS and DFS are types of graph traversal algorithms, but they are different from each other. BFS or Breadth First Search starts from the top node in the graph and travels down until it reaches the root node. On the other hand, DFS or Depth First Search starts from the top node and follows a path to reaches the end node of the path. Read this article to learn more about these two graph traversal algorithms and how they are different from each other. What is BFS? Breadth First Search (BFS) algorithm traverses a graph in a breadth-ward motion ... Read More
Following are the differences between OSI and TCP/IP Reference Model −OSITCP/IPOSI represents Open System Interconnection.TCP/IP model represents the Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol.OSI is a generic, protocol independent standard. It is acting as an interaction gateway between the network and the final-user.TCP/IP model depends on standard protocols about which the computer network has created. It is a connection protocol that assigns the network of hosts over the internet.The OSI model was developed first, and then protocols were created to fit the network architecture’s needs.The protocols were created first and then built the TCP/IP model.It provides quality services.It does not ... Read More
Have you ever wondered how you can add quotes to the text or words in Excel? Adding quotes is similar to adding symbols as prefix and suffix to the words. It can be done using the "format" function in Excel. In this tutorial, we have provided a detailed step-by-step explanation of how you can add quotes around numbers or text in Excel. Adding Quotes around Text using "Format Cells" Option You can use the "Format Cells" option in Excel to add quotes around numbers or text. It is simple process. Step 1: Let us suppose we have an Excel sheet ... Read More
To hold an image in MySQL database generally blob type is used. Therefore, make sure that you have a table created with a blob datatype with the following description:+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Name | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | | | image | blob | YES | | NULL | | +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+To insert an image in to MySQL database, follow the steps given below:Step 1: Connect to the databaseYou can connect to a database using the getConnection() method of the DriverManager class.Connect to the MySQL database ... Read More