Data Structure
Networking
RDBMS
Operating System
Java
MS Excel
iOS
HTML
CSS
Android
Python
C Programming
C++
C#
MongoDB
MySQL
Javascript
PHP
This is an example of the non-comparison sorting technique. It is used where the number of items and the range of possible key values is approximately the same.To perform this sort, we need to make some holes. The number of holes needed is decided by the range of numbers. In each hole, items are inserted. Finally deleted from the hole and stored into an array for sorted order.The complexity of Pigeon-Hole Sort TechniqueTime Complexity: O(n+2^k)Space Complexity: O(2^k)Input and OutputInput: The unsorted list: 802 630 20 745 52 300 612 932 78 187 Output: Data before Sorting: 802 630 20 745 ... Read More
You can use the LINES function to get the number of rows in an internal table.Use the following syntax to call the function:DESCRIBE TABLE LINES Once the function is executed the variable will hold the number of rows in the internal table.
Like the binary search, it also separates the lists into sub-lists. This procedure divides the list into three parts using two intermediate mid values. As the lists are divided into more subdivisions, so it reduces the time to search a key value.The complexity of Ternary Search TechniqueTime Complexity: O(log3 n)Space Complexity: O(1)Input and OutputInput: A sorted list of data: 12 25 48 52 67 79 88 93 The search key 52 Output: Item found at location: 3AlgorithmternarySearch(array, start, end, key)Input − An sorted array, start and end location, and the search keyOutput − location of the key (if found), otherwise wrong ... Read More
Adding an element to an array can be done using different functions for different positions.Adding an element at the end of the arrayThis can be accomplished using the push method. For example, let veggies = ["Onion", "Raddish"]; veggies.push("Cabbage"); console.log(veggies);This will give the output −["Onion", "Raddish", "Cabbage"]You can also use this to push multiple items at the same time as it supports a variable number ofarguments. For example, let veggies = ["Onion", "Raddish"]; veggies.push("Cabbage", "Carrot", "Broccoli"); console.log(veggies);This will give the output −["Onion", "Raddish", "Cabbage", "Carrot", "Broccoli"]Adding an element at the start of the arrayThis can be accomplished using the unshift method. ... Read More
Basically, multi-dimension arrays are used if you want to put arrays inside an array. Let's take an example. Say you wanted to store every 6 hour's temperature for every weekday. You could do something like:let monday = [35, 28, 29, 31]; let tuesday = [33, 24, 25, 29]; //...This is a good place to use a multidimensional array instead. A multidimensional array is nothing but an array of arrays. If we take forward our example, each row will represent a day while each entry in the row will represent a temp entry. For example, let temps = [ [35, ... Read More
The basic idea of comb sort and the bubble sort is same. In other words, comb sort is an improvement on the bubble sort. In the bubble sorting technique, the items are compared with the next item in each phase. But for the comb sort, the items are sorted in a specific gap. After completing each phase, the gap is decreased. The decreasing factor or the shrink factor for this sort is 1.3. It means that after completing each phase the gap is divided by 1.3.The complexity of Comb Sort TechniqueTime Complexity: O(n log n) for the best case. O(n^2/2^p) (p ... Read More
RDMS Terminologies include Database, Table, Columns, etc. Let us see them one by one −DatabaseDatabase is a collection of tables like , , etc.TableA table is a collection of rows and columns , for example, StudentIdStudentNameStudentRank052Tom1035David2077John3ColumnColumn is in a table −RowRow is also called a tuple in RDBMS. A relation in a database has rows and columns.Primary KeyEvery table has one Primary key and cannot have null values.For example, ProjectID is a primary key in Project Table, since it uniquely identifies the project:ProjectIDProjectNameP01Cluster Grouping SystemP02Hospital Management SystemForeign KeyIf you want to link two tables, use Foreign Key.For example, Employee table has DEPT_ID ... Read More
Alternate Key or Secondary Key is the key that has not been selected to be the primary key, but are candidate keys. However, it is considered a candidate key for the primary key.A candidate key not selected as a primary key is called alternate or secondary key. Candidate key is an attribute or set of attributes that you can consider as a Primary key.Let us see an example −Student_IDStudent_EnrollStudent_NameStudent_Email0962717Manishaaa@gmail.com0552655Mananabc@gmail.com0672699Shreyaspqr@gmail.comAbove, Student_ID, Student_Enroll and Student_Email are the candidate keys. They are considered candidate keys since they can uniquely identify the student record. Select any one of the candidate key as the primary. Rest ... Read More
Many users consider Primary Key as Unique Key, since both uniquely identify a table, but Unique Key is different from Primary Key. Unique Key accepts null values and Primary Key cannot have null.Let us compare Primary Key and Unique Key and understand its concept −UsageA Unique Key is used to prevent duplicate values in a column. Primary Key provided uniqueness to a table.NULL ValuesA primary key cannot accept NULL values; this makes Primary Key different from Unique Key, since Unique Key allows one value as NULL value.VolumeA table can only have a single Primary Key, whereas a Unique Key can ... Read More
In 6NF, the relation variable is decomposed into irreducible components. A relation is in 6NF, only if, It is in 5NF, and every join dependency on the relation is trivialLet us see an example −Enrollment_NoNameMarksThe possible join dependencies for the above would be −{Enrollment_No, Marks}{Enrollment_No, Name}In Sixth Normal Form (6NF), it would be decomposed to −Enrollment_NoNameEnrollment_No MarksLet us see another example −Student_IDStudent_FirstNameStudent_LastNameMarksS01TomAlter90S02JacobWatson80S03HarrySmith85Let us decompose the table −Student_IDStudent_FirstNameS01TomS02JacobS03HarryStudent_IDStudent_LastNameS01AlterS02WatsonS03SmithStudent_IDMarksS0190S0280 S03 85Now the above tables are in 6NF, but as you can guess on your know that ... Read More