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Externalization is used whenever we need to customize serialization mechanism. If a class implements an Externalizable interface then, object serialization will be done using writeExternal() method. Whereas at receiver's end when an Externalizable object is a reconstructed instance will be created using no argument constructor and then the readExternal() method is called.If a class implements only Serializable interface object serialization will be done using ObjectoutputStream. At the receiver's end, the serializable object is reconstructed using ObjectInputStream.Below example showcases usage of Externalizable interface.Exampleimport java.io.Externalizable; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.ObjectInput; import java.io.ObjectInputStream; import java.io.ObjectOutput; import java.io.ObjectOutputStream; public class ... Read More
First, set the two lists −List OneList < string > list1 = new List < string > (); list1.Add("A"); list1.Add("B"); list1.Add("C"); list1.Add("D");List TwoList < string > list2 = new List < string > (); list2.Add("C"); list2.Add("D");To find the difference between the two list and display the difference elements −IEnumerable < string > list3; list3 = list1.Except(list2); foreach(string value in list3) { Console.WriteLine(value); }The following is the complete example to compare two lists −Exampleusing System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; public class Demo { public static void Main() { List < string > list1 = new ... Read More
Set the two lists −List OneList < string > list1 = new List < string > (); list1.Add("A"); list1.Add("B"); list1.Add("C"); list1.Add("D");List TwoList < string > list2 = new List < string > (); list2.Add("C"); list2.Add("D");Now if the following returns different elements, then it would mean the lists are not equal −Exampleusing System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; public class Demo { public static void Main() { List < string > list1 = new List < string > (); list1.Add("P"); list1.Add("Q"); list1.Add("R"); Console.WriteLine("First list..."); ... Read More
To get the octal equivalent, use a while loop for the decimal value and store the remainder in the array set for octal. Here we have set the remainder by mod 8 in the array.Then divide the number by 8 −while (dec != 0) { oct[i] = dec % 8; dec = dec / 8; i++; }Let us see the complete code.Here, our decimal number is 18 −using System; namespace Demo { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { int []oct = new int[30]; // decimal int dec = 18; int i = 0; while (dec != 0){ oct[i] = dec % 8; dec = dec / 8; i++; } for (int j = i - 1; j >= 0; j--) Console.Write(oct[j]); Console.ReadKey(); } } }
Set a two-dimensional array and a one-dimensional array −int[, ] a = new int[2, 2] {{1, 2}, {3, 4} }; int[] b = new int[4];To convert 2D to 1D array, set the two dimensional into one-dimensional we declared before −for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) { for (j = 0; j < 2; j++) { b[k++] = a[i, j]; } }The following is the complete code to convert a two-dimensional array to one-dimensional array in C# −Exampleusing System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace Program { class twodmatrix { ... Read More
The Array.Copy() method in C# is used to copy section of one array to another array.The following is the syntax −Array.Copy(src, dest, length);Here,src = array to be copieddest = destination arraylength = how many elements to copyThe following is an example showing the usage of Copy(,,) method of array class in C# −Exampleusing System; class Program { static void Main() { int[] arrSource = new int[4]; arrSource[0] = 24; arrSource[1] = 33; arrSource[2] = 9; arrSource[3] = 45; int[] arrTarget = new int[3]; Array.Copy(arrSource, arrTarget, 3); Console.WriteLine("Destination Array ..."); foreach (int value in arrTarget) { Console.WriteLine(value); } } }
OverridingUnder overriding, you can define a behavior that's specific to the subclass type, which means a subclass can implement a parent class method based on its requirement.Let us see an example of abstract classes that implements Overriding −Exampleusing System; namespace PolymorphismApplication { abstract class Shape { public abstract int area(); } class Rectangle: Shape { private int length; private int width; public Rectangle( int a = 0, int b = 0) { length = a; ... Read More
Use the Array.Count property in C# to count the number of items in a list in C# −Set the listList myList = new List() { "electronics", "clothing", "appliances", "accessories" };Now count the number of items in a list in C# −myList.CountThe following is the complete code to count the number of items in a list −Exampleusing System; using System.Collections.Generic; class Program { static void Main() { List myList = new List() { "electronics", "clothing", "appliances", "accessories" }; Console.WriteLine(myList.Count); } }
The Main() method is the entry point −static void Main(string[] args)The arguments array args is used to set arguments −string[] args)It will set the following if you add two arguments −var args = new string[] {"arg1", "arg2”}Here is the demo code −Exampleusing System; namespace Demo { class HelloWorld { // args for command line static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Welcome here!"); Console.ReadKey(); } } }To compile a C# program by using the command-line instead of the Visual Studio IDE ... Read More
Parameters are passed in C# either by value or by reference. With that, you can also use out parameters and param array to pass parameters −ValueThis method copies the actual value of an argument into the formal parameter of the function. In this case, changes made to the parameter inside the function have no effect on the argument.ReferenceThis method copies the reference to the memory location of an argument into the formal parameter. This means that changes made to the parameter affect the argument.OutA return statement can be used for returning only one value from a function. However, using output ... Read More