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To convert Upper case to Lower case, use the ToLower() method in C#.Let’s say your string is −str = "TIM";To convert the above uppercase string in lowercase, use the ToLower() method −Console.WriteLine("Converted to LowerCase : {0}", str.ToLower());The following is the code in C# to convert character case −Exampleusing System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; namespace Demo { class MyApplication { static void Main(string[] args) { string str; str = "TIM"; Console.WriteLine("UpperCase : {0}", str); // convert to lowercase Console.WriteLine("Converted to LowerCase : {0}", str.ToLower()); Console.ReadLine(); } } }
First, define and initalize an array −int[] p = new int[3] {99, 92, 95};Now, display the array elements −for (j = 0; j < 3; j++ ) { Console.WriteLine("Price of Product[{0}] = {1}", j, p[j]); }To acess any element, just include the index of the element you want like this −p[2];The above is to acess the 3rd element.Now let us see the complete code −Exampleusing System; namespace Program { class Demo { static void Main(string[] args) { int[] p = new int[3] {99, 92, 95}; int j; for (j = 0; j < 3; j++ ) { Console.WriteLine("Price of Product[{0}] = {1}", j, p[j]); } // access int e = p[2]; Console.WriteLine("Product 3rd price: "+e); Console.ReadKey(); } } }
The peer to peer computing architecture contains nodes that are equal participants in data sharing. All the tasks are equally divided between all the nodes. The nodes interact with each other as required as share resources.A diagram to better understand peer to peer computing is as follows −Characteristics of Peer to Peer ComputingThe different characteristics of peer to peer networks are as follows −Peer to peer networks are usually formed by groups of a dozen or less computers. These computers all store their data using individual security but also share data with all the other nodes.The nodes in peer to ... Read More
C# exceptions are represented by classes. The exception classes in C# are mainly directly or indirectly derived from the System.Exception class.You can also define your own exception. User-defined exception classes are derived from the Exception class.The following is an example −Exampleusing System; namespace UserDefinedException { class TestTemperature { static void Main(string[] args) { Temperature temp = new Temperature(); try { temp.showTemp(); } catch(TempIsZeroException e) { Console.WriteLine("TempIsZeroException: {0}", e.Message); ... Read More
For object serialization, you need to refer the below code. Here, we have use the BinaryFormatter.Serialize (stream, reference) method to serialize our sample object.We have set a constructor here −public Employee(int id, string name, int salary) { this.id = id; this.name = name; this.salary = salary; }Now set the file stream −FileStream fStream = new FileStream("d:ew.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate); BinaryFormatter bFormat = new BinaryFormatter();An object of the Employee class −Employee emp = new Employee(001, "Jim", 30000); bFormat.Serialize(fStream, emp);
Double braces can be used to create and initialize objects in a single Java expression. See the example below −Exampleimport java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class Tester{ public static void main(String args[]) { List list = new ArrayList(); list.add("A"); list.add("B"); list.add("C"); list.add("D"); list.add("E"); list.add("F"); System.out.println(list); List list1 = new ArrayList() { { add("A"); add("B");add("C"); add("D");add("E");add("F"); ... Read More
To acess element from the multi-dimensional array, just add the index for the element you want, for example −a[2,1]The above access element from 3rd row and 2nd column ie element 3 as shown below in out [3,4] array −0 0 1 2 2 4 3 6Let us see whatever we discussed and access element from a 2 dimensional array −Exampleusing System; namespace Program { class Demo { static void Main(string[] args) { int[,] a = new int[4, 2] {{0,0}, {1,2}, {2,4}, {3,6} }; int i, j; for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) { for (j = 0; j < 2; j++) { Console.WriteLine("a[{0},{1}] = {2}", i, j, a[i,j]); } } // accessing element Console.WriteLine(a[2,1]); Console.ReadKey(); } } }
To convert Lower case to Upper case, use the ToUpper() method in C#.Let’s say your string is −str = "david";To convert the above lowercase string in uppercase, use the ToUpper() method −Console.WriteLine("Converted to UpperCase : {0}", str.ToUpper());The following is the code in C# to convert character case −Exampleusing System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; namespace Demo { class MyApplication { static void Main(string[] args) { string str; str = "david"; Console.WriteLine("LowerCase : {0}", str); // convert to uppercase Console.WriteLine("Converted to UpperCase : {0}", str.ToUpper()); Console.ReadLine(); } } }
An exception is a problem that arises during the execution of a program. A C# exception is a response to an exceptional circumstance that arises while a program is running, such as an attempt to divide by zero.Define your own exception. User-defined exception classes are derived from the Exception class.The following is an example −Exampleusing System; namespace UserDefinedException { class TestFitness { static void Main(string[] args) { Fitness f = new Fitness(); try { f.showResult(); } catch(FitnessTestFailedException ... Read More
Declare the reference parameters using the ref keyword. A reference parameter is a reference to a memory location of a variable. When you pass parameters by reference, unlike value parameters, a new storage location is not created for these parameters.Declare a ref parameter −public void swap(ref int x, ref int y) {}Declare a ref parameter of array type −static void Display(ref int[] myArr)The following is an example showing how to work with ref parameter of an array type in C# −class TestRef { static void Display(ref int[] myArr) { if (myArr == null) { ... Read More