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In the electromagnetic spectrum, waves within the frequencies 1GHz to 300GHz are called microwaves.Features of MicrowavesMicrowaves travel in straight lines, and so the transmitter and receiver stations should be accurately aligned to each other.Microwave propagation is line – of – sight propagation. So, towers hoisting the stations should be placed so that the curvature of the earth or any other obstacle does not interfere with the communication.Since it is unidirectional, it allows multiple receivers in a row to receive the signals without interference.Microwaves do not pass through buildings. So, indoor receivers cannot be used effectively.Microwaves are often refracted by the ... Read More
By using \G at the end of MySQL statement, it returns the output in a vertical format rather than a tabular format. Consider the example below −mysql> Select curdate(); +------------+ | curdate() | +------------+ | 2017-11-06 | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> Select CURDATE()\G *************************** 1. row *************************** CURDATE(): 2017-11-06 1 row in set (0.00 sec)From the example above, the difference of using \G at the end of the MySQL statement can be understood. It returns the same output in a vertical format rather than a tabular format.
A communication satellite is an artificial satellite that acts as a large repeater in the sky. It receives signals from the source transmitter, amplifies using transponders, and relays them to the receiver. Thus, it creates a communication channel between locations of the earth that would not have been able to communicate due to long distance or obstruction by earth’s curvature.Communication satellites may be owned by government or private organizations. Presently, there are more than 2000 communication satellites in the sky. Some of its uses are −InternetMilitary operationsTelevisionTelephoneRadioCommunication satellites are broadly categorized into three types depending upon the orbit in which ... Read More
The kernel data structures are very important as they store data about the current state of the system. For example, if a new process is created in the system, a kernel data structure is created that contains the details about the process.Most of the kernel data structures are only accessible by the kernel and its subsystems. They may contain data as well as pointers to other data structures.Kernel ComponentsThe kernel stores and organizes a lot of information. So it has data about which processes are running in the system, their memory requirements, files in use etc. To handle all this, ... Read More
A computer system uses many devices, arranged in different ways to solve many problems. This constitutes a computing environment where many computers are used to process and exchange information to handle multiple issues.The different types of Computing Environments are −Let us begin with Personal Computing Environment −Personal Computing EnvironmentIn the personal computing environment, there is a single computer system. All the system processes are available on the computer and executed there. The different devices that constitute a personal computing environment are laptops, mobiles, printers, computer systems, scanners etc.Time Sharing Computing EnvironmentThe time sharing computing environment allows multiple users to share ... Read More
I/O devices are very important in the computer systems.They provide users the means of interacting with the system. So there is a separate I/O system devoted to handling the I/O devices.The different Components of the I/O systems are −I/O HardwareThere are many I/O devices handled by the operating system such as mouse, keyboard, disk drive etc. There are different device drivers that can be connected to the operating system to handle a specific device. The device controller is an interface between the device and the device driver.A diagram to represent this is −I/O Application InterfaceThe user applications can access all ... Read More
MySQL determines the end of a statement when it encounters any one of the followings −Semicolon(;)Generally, MySQL determines the end of the statement, single-line or multiple-line, when it encounters the termination semicolon(;). Consider the examples below, mysql> Select * from employee; (Single line statement) mysql> Select * -> from -> employee; (Multiple line statement)In both cases, MySQL returns the result set after encountering the semicolon, which means the end of the statement.\G option\G option means to send the current state to the server to be executed and display the result in a vertical format. When we ... Read More
We can use a subquery as a table in the FROM clause in the same way as the result of a subquery can be used with an operator in the WHERE clause. In the following example, we are using the result of subquery as a table by writing it after the FROM clause. It is mandatory to use an alias after subquery, here we are using alias ‘C_car’. To demonstrate it we are using the data as follows from table ‘Cars’ −mysql> Select * from Cars; +------+--------------+---------+ | ID | Name | Price | ... Read More
With the use of ego, \G option at end of a statement, we can get the result set in vertical format. Consider the following example −mysql> Select * from Student where name = 'Aarav'\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Name: Aarav RollNo: 150 Grade: M.SC 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
A list is a Generic collection to hold elements of same datatypes.To clone a list, you can use the CopyTo method.Declare a list and add elements −List < string > myList = new List < string > (); myList.Add("Programming"); myList.Add("Web Dev"); myList.Add("Database");Now create a new array and clone the list into it −string[] arr = new string[10]; myList.CopyTo(arr);Here is the complete code −Example Live Demousing System; using System.Collections.Generic; public class Demo { public static void Main() { List < string > myList = new List < string > (); myList.Add("Programming"); ... Read More