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Articles on Trending Technologies
Technical articles with clear explanations and examples
Programmer's view of 8051
Now let us see the internal registers, memory and other details from the Programmer’s point of view.There are these componentsEight registers(8-bit) R0 to R7Register A and B.These are also 8-bit registersPSW, Stack Pointer(SP), four ports (P0 to P3). These are also 8-bitDPTR register of 16-bit. This is divided into two 8-bit registers, these are DPH and DPLData RAM from location 08H to 7FHProgram memory from location 0000H to FFFFHProgram Counter (PC) of 16-bit
Read MoreRepresentation of fractions
To represent fractions may be necessary quite often inside the computer. For example, it may be needed to represent inside a computer a value like +0.610 or -0.610. To represent signed fractions, it is necessary to assume the binary point just after the MSB in the bit sequence. Such numbers where the binary point is assumed to be at a fixed position in the bit sequence are called fixed-point numbers.Unsigned fractions will have the assumed binary point at the extreme left. SM, 1's complement, and 2's complement fractions will have this imaginary binary point just to the right of the ...
Read More2's complement fractions
As an example, the value of 1 001, if the interpretation is that it is a 2's complement fraction will be as follows -It is 1.001 assuming the binary point after the MS bit. As the MS bit is 1, it is a negative number. Then the remaining bits do not specify the magnitude directly. The 2's complement of 1 001 is 0110+ 1 = 0 111. This is a positive fraction with the value 1 × 2−1 +1 × 2−2 +1 × 2−3 = 0.5 + 0.25 + 0.125 = 0.875 decimal. Thus, -0.875 is the value of 1001.If ...
Read MoreInstruction set of 8051
The instructions of 8051 Microcontroller can be classified into five different groups. These groups are like belowData Transfer GroupArithmetic GroupLogical GroupProgram Branch GroupBit Processing GroupThis Bit-Processing group is also known as Boolean Variable Manipulation.Like 8085, some instruction has two operands. The first operand is the Destination, and the second operator is Source.In the following examples, you will get some notations. The notations are like −Rn = Any register from R0to R7 Ri = Either R0 or R1 d8 = Any 8-bit immediate data (00H to FFH) d16 = 16-bit immediate data a8 = 8-bit address bit = 8-bit address of ...
Read MoreSigned floating point numbers
Were present real numbers in our daily life is not convenient for representing very small numbers, like +0.00000012347650. This same number can be more conveniently represented in scientific notation as +1.23476× 10−07. But this actually stands for +0.000000123476. So there is an error of 0.00000000000005, which forms a very small percentage error.Floating-point representation is similar in concept to scientific notation. Logically, a floating-point number consists of:A signed (meaning positive or negative) digit string of a given length in a given base(or radix).This digit string is referred to as the significand, mantissa, or coefficient.A signed integer exponent which modifies the magnitude of ...
Read MoreData transfer group in 8051
In 8051 Microcontroller there is 28 different instructions under the Data Transfer Group. In total there are 79 opcodes. The flags are not affected by using the data transfer instructions, but the P (Parity) flag may change if the value of A register is changed using Data Transfer Instruction. Similarly, when a data is transferred to the PSW register, the flags will change.In the following table, we will see the Mnemonics, Lengths, Execution Time in terms of the machine cycle, Number of Opcodes etc.MnemonicsByte CountExecution TimeOpcode CountMOV A, Rn118MOV A, a8211MOV A, @Ri112MOV A, #d8211MOV Rn, A118MOV Rn, a8228MOV Rn, ...
Read MoreArithmetic group in 8051
In 8051 Microcontroller there are 24 different instructions under the Arithmetic Group. In total there are 64 opcodes. The Carry Flag (CY), Auxiliary Carry (AC)and Overflow flag (OV) are affected based on the result of ADD, ADDC, SUBB etc. instructions. The multiple and divide instructions clear the Carry flag, and also does not affect the AC flag. After execution of multiplication, the OV flag will be 1 when the result is greater than FFH. Otherwise, it is 0. Similarly, after division OV flag is 1 when the content of B is 00H before division, otherwise it is 0. The DA ...
Read MoreUnsigned binary integers
Unsigned binary integers are numbers without any ‘+’or ‘-’ sign. Here all bits representing the number will represent the magnitude part of the number only. No bits will remain reserved for sign bit representation. An unsigned binary integer is a fixed-point system with no fractional digits.Some real life Examples are −Number of tables in a class, The number of a member of a family.Obviously, they are unsigned integers like 10 and 5. These numbers have to be represented in a computer using only binary notation or using bits.Numbers are represented in a computer using a fixed size, like 4, 8, ...
Read MoreWhat is a Forensic Attorney? How to become one?
A forensic attorney is a specialist who brings a connection between law and forensic science to generate conclusions and bring support to various court cases. The attorney is accountable to study the samples and other evidence which have been found at crime spot. For example hair follicles, fingerprints, or paint scrapings, blood samples, etc. and then uses these findings to help in prosecuting offenders.General attorneys are collaborated with forensic scientists to solve cases. An attorney who has experience and specializes in forensics is able to personally perform a scientific examination of court cases.Job ResponsibilitiesThe job responsibilities of forensic attorneys include ...
Read MoreWhat do you mean by compliance specialist?
A compliance specialist is a person who ensures that all the company's managing and operation tasks have complied with the laws regulating the particular industry. Different working industries determines numerous types of specific responsibilities and the fields that use a compliance specialist. These include govt., power, financial services, IT services, manufacturing, healthcare, and many other fields.The senior compliance officer or business manager are the officials who oversee a compliance specialist, who usually reports to them. To achieve this position a bachelor's degree and on-the-job training is basically required. Now, let us take a quick view at some of the different ...
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