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In computer networks, Fast Ethernet is a variation of Ethernet standards that carry data traffic at 100 Mbps (Mega bits per second) in local area networks (LAN). It was launched as the IEEE 802.3u standard in 1995, and stayed the fastest network till the introduction of Gigabit Ethernet.Fast Ethernet is popularly named as 100-BASE-X. Here, 100 is the maximum throughput, i.e. 100 Mbps, BASE denoted use of baseband transmission, and X is the type of medium used, which is TX or FX.Varieties of Fast EthernetThe common varieties of fast Ethernet are 100-Base-TX, 100-BASE-FX and 100-Base-T4.100-Base-T4This has four pairs of UTP ... Read More
Strings are used to store a sequence of characters in Java, they are treated as objects. The String class of the java.lang package represents a String.You can create a String either by using the new keyword (like any other object) or, by assigning value to the literal (like any other primitive datatype).Examplepublic class StringDemo { public static void main(String args[]) { String stringObject = new String("Hello how are you"); System.out.println(stringObject); String stringLiteral = "Welcome to Tutorialspoint"; System.out.println(stringLiteral); } }OutputHello how are you Welcome to TutorialspointStorage of ... Read More
100BASE-FX is the technical name of Fast Ethernet over fiber optic cables. It is a version of Fast Ethernet carrying data traffic at 100 Mbps (Mega bits per second) in local area networks (LAN). It was launched as the IEEE 802.3u standard in 1995. Here, 100 is the maximum throughput, i.e. 100 Mbps, BASE denoted use of baseband transmission, and FX denotes use of optical fibers in Fast Ethernet.The 100BASE-FX Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) sublayer is defined by Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI).PropertiesThis has two pairs of optical fibers. One pair transmits frames from hub to the device and the ... Read More
Strings are used to store a sequence of characters in Java, they are treated as objects. The String class of the java.lang package represents a String.You can create a String either by using the new keyword (like any other object) or, by assigning value to the literal (like any other primitive datatype).Public class Sample{ Public static void main(String args[]){ String str1 = "Hello"; String str2 = "how are you"; } }Strings are immutable in Java i.e. once you create a String literal it cannot be modified.StorageSince all the String values we define ... Read More
100BASE-T4 is the early implementation of Fast Ethernet over twisted pair cables, carrying data traffic at 100 Mbps (Mega bits per second) in local area networks (LAN). It was launched as the IEEE 802.3u standard in 1995. Here, 100 is the maximum throughput, i.e. 100 Mbps, BASE denoted use of baseband transmission, and T4 denotes use of four twisted pair cables in Fast Ethernet.PropertiesThis has four pairs of unshielded twisted pair of Category 3. i.e. voice grade.Two of these pairs are bi-directional and the other two are unidirectional. The two unidirectional wires are reserved for receiving and sending data respectively. ... Read More
Strings are used to store a sequence of characters in Java, they are treated as objects. The String class of the java.lang package represents a String.You can create a String either by using the new keyword (like any other object) or, by assigning value to the literal (like any other primitive datatype).String stringObject = new String("Hello how are you"); String stringLiteral = "Welcome to Tutorialspoint";Concatenating StringsYou can concatenate Strings in Java in the following ways −Using the "+" operator: Java Provides a concatenation operator using this, you can directly add two String literalsExampleimport java.util.Scanner; public class StringExample { public ... Read More
When you install Java in your system first of all you need to set the environment variables which are path and class path.PATH− The path environment variable is used to specify the set of directories which contains executional programs.When you try to execute a program from command line, the operating system searches for the specified program in the current directly, if available, executes it.In case the programs are not available in the current directory, operating system verifies in the set of directories specified in the ‘PATH’ environment variable.You need to set path for compiler (javac.exe) and JVM(java.exe), which exists in ... Read More
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) is a network protocol for carrier transmission that operates in the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. It senses or listens whether the shared channel for transmission is busy or not, and defers transmissions until the channel is free.When more than one stations send their frames simultaneously, collision occurs. Back-off algorithm is a collision resolution mechanism which is commonly used to schedule retransmissions after collisions in Ethernet. The waiting time that a station waits before attempting retransmission of the frame is called as back off time.Algorithm of CSMA/CDStep 1) When a frame is ... Read More
The volatile modifier indicates the JVM that the thread accessing a volatile variable should get data always from the memory. i.e. a thread should not cache the volatile variable.Accessing a volatile variable synchronizes all the cached copied of the variables in the main memory. Volatile can only be applied to instance variables, which are of type object or private. A volatile object reference can be null.Examplepublic class MyRunnable implements Runnable { private volatile boolean active; public void run() { active = true; while (active) { // line 1 ... Read More
Selenium or known as RC (Remote Control) and Web Driver differ in many aspects but the key difference comes in the implementation layer or in simple words the architecture of both of them.As name suggest, RC is a Remote Control which works by taking the remote of the browser and then injects the automation code to be tested by injecting the custom scripts written.The Web Driver (known as Selenium 2) works on the browser directly and uses browsers in-built features to trigger the automation test written by tester. Web driver is the successor of Remote Control.The architecture of Selenium Web ... Read More