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Articles on Trending Technologies
Technical articles with clear explanations and examples
How to increase the width of axes using ggplot2 in R?
To increase the width of axes (both X-axis and Y-axis at the same time) using ggplot2 in R, we can use theme function with axis.line argument where we can set element_line argument to a larger value.Check out the Example given below to understand how it can be done.ExampleFollowing snippet creates a sample data frame −x
Read MoreHow to convert first letter into capital in single column data frame in R using dplyr?
To convert first letter into capital in single column data frame in R, we can follow the below steps −First of all, create a data frame with string column.Then, use sub function along with mutate function of dplyr package to convert first letter into capital in string column.ExampleCreate the data frameLet’s create a data frame as shown below −Names
Read MoreHow to change the border style of a plot using ggplot2 in R?
To change the border style of a plot using ggplot2 in R, we can use theme function with panel.border argument where we can change the linetype for the plot border using element_rect. There are many linetypes and we can use them as desired.Check out the Example given below to understand how it can be done.ExampleFollowing snippet creates a sample data frame −x
Read MoreHow to extract the first n values of all elements of a list in R?
To extract the first n values of all elements of a list in R, we can follow the below steps −First of all, create a list.Then, use head function with sapply function to extract the first n values of all elements in the list.Example 1Create the listLet’s create a list as shown below −List1
Read MoreFind the column name that contains value greater than a desired value in each row of an R data frame.
To find the column name that contains value greater than a desired value in each row of an R data frame, we can use apply function along with lapply function.For Example, if we have a data frame called df and we want to extract column names for each row having values greater than 5 then we can use the command given below −lapply(apply(df,1, function(x) which(x5)),names)Example 1Following snippet creates a sample data frame −x1
Read MoreConvert the following LEX program into Lexical Analyzer.nAUXILIARY DEFINITIONSn −n −n −nTRANSLATION RULESn a{ }n abb{ }n a*b+
SolutionConvert the pattern into NFA’sMake a Combined NFAConvert NFA to DFAA = ε − closure (0) = {0, 1, 3, 7}The transition on symbols a, b from state AFor State Aε − closure (Ta) ε − closure (Tb)= ε − closure ({2, 4, 7}) = ε − closure ({8})= {2, 4, 7} = B = {8} = CFor State Bε − closure (7) ...
Read MoreHow to extract the last value of all elements of a list in R?
To extract the last value of all elements of a list in R, we can follow the below stepss −First of all, create a list.Then, use tail function with sapply function to extract the last value of all elements in the list.Example 1Create the listLet’s create a list as shown below −List
Read MoreHow to repeat a whole data.table object in R?
To repeat a whole data.table object in R, we can follow the below steps −First of all, create a data.table object.Then, use rep function to repeat the data.table object.ExampleCreate the data.table objectLet’s create a data.table object as shown below −library(data.table) x
Read MoreHow to find the position of maximum of each numerical column if some columns are categorical in R data frame?
To find the position of maximum of each numerical column if some columns are categorical in R data frame, we can follow the below steps −First of all, create a data frame.Then, use numcolwise function from plyr package to find the maximum of each numerical column if some columns are categorical.Example 1Create the data frameLet’s create a data frame as shown below −Level
Read MoreHow to find the cosine of each value in columns if some columns are categorical in R data frame?
To find the cosine of each value in columns if some columns are categorical in R data frame, we can follow the below steps −First of all, create a data frame.Then, use numcolwise function from plyr package to find the cosine of each value in columns if some columns are categorical.ExampleCreate the data frameLet’s create a data frame as shown below −Level
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