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We can fetch the MySQL SET column values as a list of integer offset with the help of the MAKE_SET() function. To make it understand, we are creating a table named ‘set_testing’ as follows −mysql> Create table set_testing( id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, table SET('ABC', 'ABD', 'GHF') NOT NULL); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec) mysql> Insert into set_testing (table) values('1'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec) mysql> Insert into set_testing (table) values('2'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec) mysql> Insert into set_testing (table) values('3'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 ... Read More
The binary equality operators compare their operands for strict equality or inequality. In MySQL, the equal-to-operator (=) returns 1 if both the operands have the same value otherwise returns 0. Following MySQL query show an equality condition −mysql> Select tender_value From estimated_cost WHERE id = 3;The above query shows an equality condition because the column id equates to the integer value.mysql> Select tender_value From estimated_cost1 WHERE Name_company = 'Chd Ltd.';The above query shows an equality condition because column Name_company equates to the string value.
As we know that in MySQL by default || operator is a logical OR operator but it depends upon PIPES_AS_CONCAT SQL mode. If PIPES_AS_CONCAT SQL mode is enabled, then || operator works as string concatenation. At that time its precedence would be between ^ and the unary operator. Following example will make it understand −mysql> Set @C='tutorials'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> Set @D='point'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> Select @C||@D; +--------+ | @C||@D | +--------+ | 1 | +--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)The result set of the ... Read More
In MySQL, basically the precedence of ! operator in comparison with NOT operator depends upon the enabling or disabling of HIGH_NOT_PRECEDENCE SQL mode as follows −Disabled HIGH_NOT_PRECEDENCE SQL − In this case,! the operator has higher precedence than NOT operator.Enabled HIGH_NOT_PRECEDENCE SQL − In this case,! the operator has the same precedence as NOT operator.
For combining values of two or more columns, we can use MySQL CONCAT() function. In this case, the arguments of the CONCAT() functions would be the name of the columns. For example, suppose we have a table named ‘Student’ and we want the name and address of the student collectively in one column then the following query can be written −mysql> Select Id, Name, Address, CONCAT(ID, ', ', Name, ', ', Address)AS 'ID, Name, Address' from Student; +------+---------+---------+--------------------+ | Id | Name | Address | ID, Name, Address | +------+---------+---------+--------------------+ | 1 | Gaurav | Delhi ... Read More
MySQL NULL-safe equal operator, equivalent to standard SQL IS NOT DISTINCT FROM operator, performs an equality comparison like = operator. Its symbol is . It performs differently from the comparison operators in the case when we have NULL as both the operands. Consider the following examples to understand NULL-safe operator along with its difference with comparison operator −mysql> Select 50 50, NULL NULL, 100 NULL; +-----------+---------------+--------------+ | 50 50 | NULL NULL | 100 NULL | +-----------+---------------+--------------+ | 1 | 1 | 0 | +-----------+---------------+--------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> Select 50 = 50, NULL = NULL, 100 = NULL; +---------+-------------+------------+ | 50 = 50 | NULL = NULL | 100 = NULL | +---------+-------------+------------+ | 1 | NULL | NULL | +---------+-------------+------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL CHAR() function will ignore NULL if it is provided as an argument to it. To understand it, consider the following examples −mysql> Select CHAR(65,66,67,NULL); +---------------------+ | CHAR(65,66,67,NULL) | +---------------------+ | ABC | +---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> Select CHAR(NULL,66,67,NULL); +-----------------------+ | CHAR(NULL,66,67,NULL) | +-----------------------+ | BC | +-----------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)In both the examples above, CHAR() function ignores the NULL and converts the numeric value into character value.
MySQL converts the arguments of CHAR() function which is greater than 255 to multiple result bytes. For example, CHAR(260) is equivalent to CHAR(0,1,0,4). It can be more clear with the help of following statements −mysql> Select HEX(CHAR(256)),HEX(CHAR(1,0)); +----------------+----------------+ | HEX(CHAR(256)) | HEX(CHAR(1,0)) | +----------------+----------------+ | 0100 | 0100 | +----------------+----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)The above result set shows that CHAR(256) is equivalent to CHAR(1,0).
We can use the keyword USING to produce a string, other than default binary string, in a given character set. Following result set will demonstrate it −mysql> Select CHARSET(CHAR(85 USING utf8)); +------------------------------+ | CHARSET(CHAR(85 USING utf8)) | +------------------------------+ | utf8 | +------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)The above result set shows that the returned binary string is utf8 because we write utf8 after the keyword USING.mysql> Select CHARSET(CHAR(85 USING latin1)); +--------------------------------+ | CHARSET(CHAR(85 USING latin1)) | +--------------------------------+ | latin1 ... Read More
MySQL INSERT() function performs no insertion if the position of insertion is not within the length of the string. There are certain cases like we pass a negative or 0(zero) value or the value goes beyond the value of a total number of characters in an original string by 2 when we can say that ‘pos’ is not within the length of the string. It can be understood with the help of the following example −ExampleThe query below will perform no insertion because the ‘pos’ is not within the length of string i.e. a negative value.mysql> Select INSERT('Tutorialspoint', -1, 4, '.com'); +--------------------------------------+ ... Read More