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We can run a proxy with Selenium webdriver in Python. A proxy is an essential component to do localization testing. We can take an e-commerce application and check if the language and currency visible is as per the user location.With the help of proxy within tests, we can verify if the website user interface matches with the location. We have to SET a proxy with below steps −Import webdriver from Selenium package.Define proxy server address.Create an object of ChromeOptions classCommunication of proxy with ChromeOptions.Summing options to Chrome() object.ExampleCode Implementation.from selenium import webdriver #proxy server definition py = "128.21.0.0:8080" #configure ChromeOptions ... Read More
We can click on elements with an SVG using XPath in Selenium. The SVG element has the tag name svg. It has attributes like width, height, viewBox, and so on.To click the element with svg, we should identify the element then utilize the Actions class. We shall first move to that element with the moveToElement method and then apply the click method on it.Finally, to actually perform the action, we have to use the build and execute methods. To identify the svg element with xpath, there is the local-name() function available.Let us look at the html code of a svg ... Read More
Encoders and decoders for the External Data Representation (XDR). When we transport data between different external sources, this is the commonly used format that is used. It useful for creation and transfer of complex data structures. XDR provides a service associated with the OSI Presentation Layer.In the below program we see how the data is getting packed and unpacked using the xdrlib module.Exampleimport xdrlib p = xdrlib.Packer() print(type(p)) lst = [1, 2, 3] p.pack_list(lst, p.pack_int) print(p) u = xdrlib.Unpacker(p) print(type(u)) print(lst)Running the above code gives us the following result −Output [1, 2, 3]Read More
We can hide the Firefox window in Selenium webdriver. This can be done by making the browser headless. We shall achieve this with the FirefoxOptions class. We shall then create an object option of that class.We have to make the browser setting options.headless to True value. This driver object shall then receive this information. We need to have the import statement: from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options as FirefoxOptions for adding the FirefoxOptions class.Syntaxoptions = webdriver.FirefoxOptions() options.headless = TrueExampleCode Implementation.from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options as FirefoxOptions #object of FirefoxOptions options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions() #setting headless parameter options.headless = True driver ... Read More
We can upload a file in Selenium with no text box. This is achieved with the help of the sendKeys method. It is applied on the web element which performs the task of selecting the path of the file to be uploaded.As we make an attempt to upload, we shall click on the Browse button. If we investigate the HTML code for this, we shall be able to locate the attribute type having the value file. Moreover, the file path to be uploaded should be accurate.ExampleCode Implementation.import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class FileUpload{ ... Read More
It is a common requirement during file transfers to encode and decode them for various reasons like encryption, compression or just because they are going to be processed by different OS or file reading programs. The uuencode module helps us on both encoding and decoding files as shown below.Encode the fileWe will use the below image for encoding and later decoding it to get it back.In the below program we use the encode function to encode the given image and read the content of the file after encoding.Exampleimport uu infile = "E:\tp_logo.JPG" uu.encode(infile, 'encoded_logo.JPG') f = open("E:\TP\encoded_logo.JPG", 'r') ... Read More
Many times we need to deal with data which not always has the regular ASCII characters. For example, an email in a different language other than English. Python has mechanism to deal with such characters by using MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) based module. In this article we will see how we can decode such characters in an email or otherwise in some straight inputs.Using email packageThe email package has modules namely mime and charset which can carry out the encoding and decoding work as shown in the below example. We have taken an email message containing Unicode characters and ... Read More
Kivy is an open source Python library for rapid development of applications that make use of innovative user interfaces, such as multi-touch apps. It is used to develop the Android application, as well as Desktops applications. In this article we will see how to use events when a button is pressed.In the below example we have created a button and a label in a horizontal BoxLayout. We give initial text to the button and label. Then we create an event for clicking the button which changes the text both in the button and in the label. It is a single ... Read More
Kivy is an open source Python library for rapid development of applications that make use of innovative user interfaces, such as multi-touch apps. It is used to develop the Android application, as well as Desktops applications. In this article we will see how to use the BoxLayout widget to create buttons of different orientation and colours.In the below code we first create an outer box whose orientation is vertical. Then we create a row 1 with horizontal orientation. Then two other rows again with vertical orientation. We wrap all these rows in the outer box and giver different text and ... Read More
Kivy is an open source Python library for rapid development of applications that make use of innovative user interfaces, such as multi-touch apps. It is used to develop the Android application, as well as Desktops applications. In this article we will see how to use the anchor layout positioning.Using AnchorLayouts we place the widgets at one of the borders. The class kivy.uix.anchorlayout.AnchorLayout implements the anchor layout. Both the anchor_x parameter and anchor_y parameter can be passed the values ‘left’, ‘right’ and ‘center’. In the below program we create two buttons, attach them to two anchors and keep them in a ... Read More