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In this article, we will see the differences between namespace and class in C++. Namespace and classes are two different concepts, so let's discuss them: Classes are datatypes. It is an expanded version of the structures. Classes can contain data members and functions as members, but namespaces can contain variables and functions by grouping them into one and cannot be created as objects; it is used as additional information to differentiate similar functions, classes, variables, etc. Variables, functions with the same name can be placed in different namespaces. What is Namespace? The namespace is a feature that provides a way ... Read More
Heap and stack overflows are both types of buffer overflows that occur when a program attempts to write data beyond the allocated boundary of a buffer. Heap Overflow Heap is used to store dynamic variables. It is a region of process’s memory. malloc(), calloc(), resize() all these inbuilt functions are generally used to store dynamic variables. Following are the regions where heap overflow occurs − If we allocate dynamic large number of variables int main() { float *ptr = (int *)malloc(sizeof(float)*1000000.0)); } If we continuously allocate memory and do not free after using it. int main() { for (int i=0; i
What are Generic Collections in Java? In Java, the Generic collections were introduced in Java 5. These collections disable the type-casting, and there is no need for explicit type-casting if we use generic collections. The generic collections are type-safe and detect type-related errors at compile time. It allows the datatypes to pass as parameters to classes or interfaces. The Compiler is responsible for checking the compatibility of the types. Syntax Following is the way to create generic collections in Java: class or interface Where type specifies the type of the object, such as: Integer, String, Character, etc.. You can create generic ... Read More
What is an Annotation? An annotation is like metadata that provides additional information about the code. It does not affect the code directly but provides the information so that the compiler or runtime environment can use it while executing the code. To define or use any annotation in Java, you need to specify the annotation name starting with the "@" symbol. Here is the syntax to use annotations in Java: @annotation_name Where the @ symbol specifies the annotation, and annotation_name is the name of the annotation. Following is a list of a few important annotations and their usage: ... Read More
In this article, we will understand how to print the left triangle star pattern in Java. This pattern is also known as the Mirrored Right Triangle Star pattern. Below is a demonstration of the same- Input: Number of rows: 6 Output: * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Printing Left Triangle Star Pattern Following are the ... Read More
In this article, we will learn how to find the sum of N numbers using recursion in Java. Recursion is when a method calls itself repeatedly until a base condition is met. In Java, each recursive call is placed on the stack until the base case is reached, after which values are returned to calculate the result. To solve with recursion, we need to divide our problem into smaller chunks, then find out solution for that smaller part, and that will be our base condition. In this problem, to find the sum of N numbers using recursion, we can store ... Read More
In this article, we will understand how to find the product of two numbers using recursion in Java. A recursive function is a function that calls itself multiple times until a particular condition is satisfied. Product of two Numbers Using Recursion Recursion is the process of repeating items in a self-similar way. In programming languages, if a program allows you to call a function inside the same function, then it is called a recursive call of the function. To find the product of two numbers, let's say a and b, using recursion, the base case will be (if y = 0, ... Read More
In this article, we will understand how to find the sum of the digits of a number using recursion in Java. A recursive function is a function that calls itself multiple times until a particular condition or base condition is met. In programming languages, if a program allows you to call a function inside the same function, then it is called a recursive call of the function. Problem Statement Write a program in Java to find the sum of the digits of a number using recursion. Below is a demonstration of the same. Input Enter the number : 12131415 ... Read More
To calculate the power of a number, Java provides different ways to do this using loops, built-in methods, and recursion. In this article, we will learn how to calculate the power of a number using recursion. In Java, Recursion is a process in which a function calls itself multiple times until it reaches a base condition, and the corresponding function is called a recursive function. Problem Statement Given a base number and a power value, we need to calculate the result of raising the base to the power using recursion. Below is a demonstration of the same. Input: Enter ... Read More
In this article, we will understand how to check if a Set is a subset of another set. A Set is a Collection that cannot contain duplicate elements. It models the mathematical set abstraction. The Set interface contains only methods inherited from Collection and adds the restriction that duplicate elements are not allowed. Following are the ways to check if a set is a subset of another set: Using containsAll() Method Using Stream API Using containsAll() Method In Java, the set interface has a method called containsAll() that checks ... Read More