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We will have a comparison of the specifications of Arduino Uno and the ESP32 DevKit v1 DOIT BoardArduino UnoESP32Please refer to the table below for the detailed comparison −UnoESP32GeneralDimensions2.7¨ x 2.1¨2¨ x 1.1¨Pricing$20-23$10-12ConnectivityI/O Pins1436PWM Pins616Analog Pins6Up to 18 *Analog Out Pins (DAC)2ComputingProcessorATMega328PXtensa Dual Core 32-bit LX6 microprocessorFlash Memory32 kB4 MBSRAM2 kB520 kBEEPROM1 kB-Clock speed16 MHzUpto 240 MHzVoltage Level5V3.3VUSB ConnectivityStandard A/B USBMicro-USBCommunicationHardware Serial Ports13SPI SupportYes (1x)Yes (4x)CAN SupportNoYesI2C SupportYes (1x)Yes (2x)Additional FeaturesWiFi-802.11 b/g/nBlueTooth-v4.2 BR/EDR and BLETouch Sensors-10CAM* Only 8 can be used along with WiFiThe above table itself would have driven home the point that ESP32 is hands-down much better than ... Read More
We will have a comparison of the specifications of Arduino Uno and the Arduino Due BoardArduino UnoArduino DueUnoDueGeneralDimensions2.7¨ x 2.1¨4¨ x 2.1¨Pricing$20-23$40-42ConnectivityI/O Pins1454PWM Pins612Analog Pins612Analog Out Pins (DAC)-2ComputingProcessorATMega328PAT91SAM3X8EFlash Memory32 kB512 kBSRAM2 kB96 kB (split in two banks of 64 kB and 32 kB)EEPROM1 kB-Clock speed16 MHz84 MHzVoltage Level5V3.3VUSB ConnectivityStandard A/B USBMicro USBCommunicationHardware Serial Ports14SPI SupportYesYesI2C SupportYesYesNote that the Due board differs from other Arduino boards in terms of voltage level. The microcontroller in Arduino due runs at 3.3 V instead of 5 V (common in most other boards). If you connect a higher voltage to the pins, you may end ... Read More
We will have a comparison of the specifications of Arduino Uno and the Arduino Nano Board.Arduino UnoArduino NanoPlease refer to the table below for the detailed comparison −UnoNanoGeneralDimensions2.7¨ x 2.1¨1.77¨ x 0.7¨Pricing$20-23$20-21ConnectivityI/O Pins1422PWM Pins66Analog Pins68ComputingProcessorATMega328PATmega328Flash Memory32 kB32 kBSRAM2 kB2 kBEEPROM1 kB1 kBClock speed16 MHz16 MHzVoltage Level5V5VUSB ConnectivityStandard A/B USBMini USBCommunicationHardware Serial Ports11SPI SupportYesYesI2C SupportYesYesAs you can see, the Nano board is very similar to Uno, but compact.
Linux provides the famous top command utility that provides us with all the information about the processes, their time, their respective IDs, how much CPU chunk they are consuming and much more. The only issue with that is the processes are not sorted in any order and the order changes frequently.There are certain cases where we would like the output to be in a sorted manner somehow, like sorted in the sense that the process which is using the most network will be at the top.One such command line program that we can use that will provide us the desired ... Read More
Linux provides us with different utility commands that we can make use of to print a random line from any files in the Unix command line. Mostly we make use of either the shuf command or the sort command, and in this article I’ll explain both the commands and which one is better and why.Shuf CommandThe shuf command in Linux is used to write random permutations of the input lines to the standard output. The idea of randomizing the input is the same as one does when the cards are shuffled. On most of the Linux operating systems it is ... Read More
In normal cases we make use of the bash_profile or bashrc in case of Ubuntu and zshrc in case of Mac OS, to set our environment variables and then those variables are made available to us everywhere on the terminal we want.Let’s consider a simple example where we have some environment variable in bash_profile and we are making use of it in the terminal.Consider the bash_profile output shown below −immukul@192 dir1 % cat ~/.bash_profile export JAVA_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home) export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/node/bin export GOROOT=/usr/local/go export GOPATH=/Users/immukul/go_projectsAs we can see there are many variables present in the bash_profile file, we can use these variables in ... Read More
We know that the SED command in Linux stands for stream editor and is mainly used to perform functions on files, and the functions usually are either searching for a word, or replacing it or insertion of something and few more. It is a very useful command and can be found on the Linux kernel.It should also be noted that the BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution) sed shipped with the OS X does need the -i flag to work and the GNU one doesn’t.One way to make the GNU version of the SED to work on the Mac OS X, is ... Read More
We know that the Pause command in DOS is used to suspend execution of the batch files and it then displays the messageStrike a key when ready ...It should also be noted that some versions of DOS also allow a comment to be entered on the same line as PAUSE.ExampleWe can make use of the Pause command in a scenario where we want to suspend the execution of a batch file and display the message “Insert Code”, by typing the following command in the terminalpause Insert CodeSo, that was all about the Pause command in DOS, but we want to ... Read More
The key difference between the fopen() and the open() function in the Linux operating system is that the open() function is a low-level call, where the fopen() when called simply calls the open() function in the background and it returns a Filepointer directly.The call to the open() function includes invoking several other functions and the behaviour of the entire process is mentioned below as a reference to understand the open() function better.Consider the code shown below −int sys_open(const char *filename, int flags, int mode) { char *tmp = getname(filename); int fd = get_unused_fd(); struct file *f = ... Read More
When we are talking about opening a file, then we have different cases such as in what language and what API are we actually calling when opening a file. While in most of the cases it is quite simple, the higher level languages will eventually call either the C API or directly invoke the Linux open() function which is also written in C.If we try to talk about different languages then this is a very broad question and cannot be covered in a one single article, and that is because of the sheer complexity that gets added to it when ... Read More