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A TestNG class can have various TestNG methods such as @BeforeTest, @AfterTest, @BeforeSuite, @BeforeClass, @BeforeMethod, @test, etc. As per execution order, @BeforeTest executes first and after that, @BeforeClass does. However, if there are multiple TestNG classes and multiple Tests inside each class, then the behaviour of these methods is noticeable.@BeforeTestThis method will execute only once in the entire execution before calling the first @Test method. It doesn’t matter how many @Test tags are present or how many classes are there having @Test tags, or multiple classes have multiple test tags. Based on the testing.xml file, once the execution starts, @BeforeTest ... Read More
TestNG supports multi-invocation of a test method, i.e., a @Test method can be invoked multiple times sequentially or in parallel. If we want to run single @Test 10 times at a single thread, then invocationCount can be used.To invoke a method multiple times, the keyword invocationCount = is required. For example −@Test(invocationCount = 10)In this example, the @Test method will execute for 10 times each on a single thread.In this article, we will illustrate how to get the current invocation count.Approach/Algorithm to solve this problemStep 1 − Create a TestNG class, NewTestngClass.Step 2 − Write two @Test methods in ... Read More
TestNG supports a lot of assertions. It has the org.testng.Assert class, which extends the Java object class java.lang.object. Whenever there is a failure, the user wants to get a customized failure message so that the root-cause analysis could be easy. TestNG supports assertion with customized failure message. However, message is completely optional.The syntax is −Assert.(expected, actual, message)If the user doesn't provide a message, TestNG prints a default error message; but if the user sets a message, then TestNG throws the error along with the customized message set by the user.In this article, we will see how to set a custom ... Read More
TestNG supports native dependency injection. It allows to declare additional parameters in methods. At runtime, TestNG automatically fills these parameters with the correct values. Here is a set of native dependencies in TestNG:ITestContextXmlTestMethodITestResultThese dependencies help to retrieve the Test method name. A Test method name can be retrieved before or after the execution of the test.If the user wants to get the name of a Test method prior to its execution, @BeforeMethod can be useful to retrieve it.If the user wants to know which Test method is just executed, @AfterMethod can be used.The actual code can be written in either ... Read More
TestNG supports native dependency injection. It allows to declare additional parameters in methods. At runtime, TestNG automatically fills these parameters with the correct values. Following is a set of native dependencies in TestNG −ITestContextXmlTestMethodITestResultThese dependencies help to retrieve the description of Test method, if written. A Test method name can be retrieved before or after the execution of the test.If the user wants to get the description of a test method prior to its execution, then @BeforeMethod can be useful to retrieve it.If the user wants to know the description of a Test method after it is executed, then @AfterMethod ... Read More
testng.xml has a format as where we define what all test classes should be executed. Users can mention n number of classes in testing.xml that require executing. In this article, we are going to discuss how to execute more than one class using a single testing.xml.Here, we will have two classes with multiple test methods, and we will see how testng.xml is configured to run both the classes - NewTestngClass and OrderofTestExecutionInTestNG.Approach/Algorithm to solve this problemSetp 1 − Create two TestNG classes - NewTestngClass and OrderofTestExecutionInTestNG.Setp 2 − Write two different @Test method in both the classes - NewTestngClass ... Read More
A TestNG class can have different tests like test1, test2, test3, etc. Once a user runs a TestNG class consisting of various tests, it runs the test cases in an alphabetic order based on the name provided. However, the user can assign the priority to these tests so that these tests can run as per user's priority. Priority starts from 0 (highest priority) and gradually decreases as we move to 1, 2, 3, etc.Default OrderTestNG executes different tests alphabetically. By default, test1 will run first and after that test2 and finally test3. By default, TestNG assigns priority as 0 to ... Read More
Laplace TransformThe Laplace transform is a mathematical tool which is used to convert the differential equation in time domain into the algebraic equations in the frequency domain or sdomain.Mathematically, if $\mathit{x}\mathrm{\left(\mathit{t}\right)}$ is a time domain function, then its Laplace transform is defined as −$$\mathrm{\mathit{L}\mathrm{\left[\mathit{x}\mathrm{\left(\mathit{t}\right)}\right]}\:\mathrm{=}\:\mathit{X}\mathrm{\left(\mathit{s}\right)}\:\mathrm{=}\:\int_{-\infty }^{\infty }\mathit{x}\mathrm{\left(\mathit{t}\right)}\mathit{e^{-\mathit{st}}\:\mathit{dt}}}$$Solution of Differential Equations Using Laplace TransformA linear time invariant (LTI) system is described by constant coefficient differential equations which are relating the input and output of the system. The response of the LTI system is obtained by solving these differential equations.The Laplace transformation technique can be used for solving the differential equation describing the ... Read More
Equity cash flow is the amount of money a company can return to its investors after paying all the debt it acquired from the market. Also called free cash flows to equity, equity cash flows show the health of a company, as it contains the money that is left after paying all the loans the company has taken from the investors.How to Calculate Equity Cash Flows?While there are many formulas to calculate equity cash flows, the most common is the one that uses net income and changes in working capital.This formula is expressed as −Free Cash Flow to Equity ... Read More
The Adjusted Present Value (APV) approach can handle both perpetual and uneven cash flows. It can be used in calculating the adjusted present value of a levered firm that has many financing effects. The APV approach divides the NPV into two basic parts −The first part includes the all-equity NPV, assuming that the project is entirely financed by equity.The second part consists of the interest tax shields and all types of financing effects.We can write, $$\mathrm{APV = All\:Equity\:NPV\:+\:Value\:of\:Financing\:Effects}$$Steps in Adjusted Present Value ApproachThe use of APV consists of three steps −The first state of application of APV includes determination of ... Read More