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Articles on Trending Technologies
Technical articles with clear explanations and examples
How to prevent Cloning to break a Singleton Class Pattern in Java?
A Singleton pattern states that a class can have a single instance and multiple instances are not permitted to be created. For this purpose, we make the constructor of the class a private and return a instance via a static method. But using cloning, we can still create multiple instance of a class. See the example below − Example - Breaking Singleton public class Tester{ public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException { A a = A.getInstance(); ...
Read MoreJava Program to construct one String from another
To construct on string from another, firstly take a charcter array for the first string.char ch[] = { 'A', 'M', 'I', 'T' }; String str1 = new String(ch);The above forms first string. Now, let us created another string from the first string.String str2 = new String(str1);In this way, we can easily construct one string from another.Examplepublic class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) { char ch[] = { 'A', 'M', 'I', 'T' }; String str1 = new String(ch); String str2 = new String(str1); String str3 = ...
Read MorePrivate and Protected Members in C++
A class in C++ has public, private and protected sections which contain the corresponding class members.The private data members cannot be accessed from outside the class. They can only be accessed by class or friend functions. All the class members are private by default.The protected members in a class are similar to private members but they can be accessed by derived classes or child classes while private members cannot.A program that demonstrates private and protected members in a class is given as follows −Example#include using namespace std; class Base { public : int a = 8; ...
Read MoreJava Program to use == operator to compare enums
We can use the == operator to compare enums in Java.Let’s say we have the following enum.enum Devices { LAPTOP, MOBILE, TABLET; }Here are some of the objects and we have assigned some values as well −Devices d1, d2, d3; d1 = Devices.LAPTOP; d2 = Devices.LAPTOP; d3 = Devices.TABLET;Let us now see an example wherein we will compare them using == operator −Examplepublic class Demo { enum Devices { LAPTOP, MOBILE, TABLET; } public static void main(String[] args) { Devices d1, d2, d3; d1 = Devices.LAPTOP; ...
Read MoreJava Program to check whether the character is ASCII 7 bit
To check whether the character is ASCII 7 bit or not, check whether given value’s ASCII value is less than 128 or not.Here, we have a character.char one = '-';Now, we have checked a condition with if-else for ASCII 7-bit character.if (c < 128) { System.out.println("Given value is ASCII 7 bit!"); } else { System.out.println("Given value is not an ASCII 7 bit!"); }The following is an example wherein we check a character for ASCII 7-bit.Examplepublic class Demo { public static void main(String []args) { char c = '-'; System.out.println("Given value = "+c); ...
Read MoreCalling class method through NULL class pointer in C++
A class method can be can be called using a NULL class pointer.Note − This is undefined behaviour and there is not guarantee about the execution of the program. The actual results depend on the compiler used.A program that demonstrates this is given as follows.Example#include using namespace std; class Example { public : void func() { cout func(); return 0; }OutputThe output of the above program is as follows.The function is called through Null class pointer.Now, let us understand the above program.The class Example contains a member function func(). This function displays "The ...
Read MorePython Text Sequence Types
In python the str object, handles the text or string type data. Strings are immutable. The strings are sequence of Unicode characters. We can use single quote, double quotes or triple quotes to define the string literals. ‘This is a string with single quote’ “Another Text with double quotes” ‘’’Text using three single quotes’’’ or “””Text using three double quotes””” We can use triple quotes to assign multiline strings in python. There is different string related functions. Some of the String methods are as follows − Sr.No. Operation/Functions & Description 1 s.capitalize() Convert first ...
Read MorePrivate Constructors and Singleton Classes in Java Programming
As we know the primary role of the constructor is to instantiate a class object now if we made the constructor as private then we restrict its calling to be only in defining a class and not in some other class. Now the singleton class in Java is defined as the class which restricts the instantiation of a class and ensure that only one instance of the class exists in the JVM. After first time if instantiate the singleton class the new variable also points to the first instance created. In order to create a singleton class we could use ...
Read MoreCreate BigInteger via string in Java
BigInteger class is used for big integer calculations which are outside the limit of the primitive data types. It provides operations for modular arithmetic, GCD calculation, primality testing, prime generation, bit manipulation, and a few other miscellaneous operations.Firstly, set a string −String str = "268787878787687";Now, create a new object for BigInteger and pass the above string −BigInteger bInteger = new BigInteger(str);The following is an example −Exampleimport java.math.BigInteger; public class Demo { public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { String str = "268787878787687"; BigInteger bInteger = new BigInteger(str); System.out.println(bInteger); } }Output268787878787687
Read MoreCreate BigInteger via long type variable in Java
BigInteger class is used for big integer calculations which are outside the limit of the primitive data types. It provides operations for modular arithmetic, GCD calculation, primality testing, prime generation, bit manipulation, and a few other miscellaneous operations.Firstly, set a long value −Long l = 198L;Now, create a new object for BigInteger and pass the above value −BigInteger bInteger = new BigInteger(l);The following is an example −Exampleimport java.math.BigInteger; public class Demo { public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { Long l = 198L; BigInteger bInteger = BigInteger.valueOf(l); System.out.println(bInteger); } }Output198
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