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One solution is for such companies to support consumers with several opt-out choices, enabling consumers to describe limitations on the use of their personal information, such asThe consumer’s personal data are not to be utilized at all for data mining.The consumer’s data can be used for data mining, but the identity of each consumer or some data that can lead to the disclosure of a person’s identity should be deleted.The data can be used for in-house mining only.The data can be used in-house and externally as well.Furthermore, companies can support consumers with positive consent, i.e., by enabling consumers to opt ... Read More
Visual data mining finds implicit and beneficial knowledge from huge data sets using data and knowledge visualization methods. The human visual system is managed by the eyes and brain, the latter of which can be think of as a dynamic, largely parallel processing and reasoning engine including a huge knowledge base.Visual data mining can be considered as a unification of two disciplines such as data visualization and data mining. It can also associated with computer graphics, multimedia systems, human computer interaction, pattern identification, and highperformance computing.In general, data visualization and data mining can be integrated in the following ways −Data ... Read More
There are several theories for the basis of data mining include the following −Data reduction − In this theory, the basis of data mining is to reduce the data representation. Data reduction trades certainty for speed in response to the need to obtain fast approximate answers to queries on huge databases.Data reduction methods include singular value decomposition (the driving component behind principal components analysis), wavelets, regression, log-linear models, histograms, clustering, sampling, and the development of index trees.Data compression − According to this theory, the basis of data mining is to compress the given information by encoding in terms of bits, ... Read More
Web usage mining is used to derive useful data, information, knowledge from the weblog data, and helps in identifying the user access designs for web pages.In Mining, the management of web resources, the individual is thinking about data of requests of visitors of a website that are composed as web server logs. While the content and mechanism of the set of web pages follow the intentions of the authors of the pages, the single requests shows how the users view these pages. Web usage mining can disclose relationships that were not suggested by the designer of the pages.A web server ... Read More
A hub is a set of Web pages that supports sets of links to authorities. Hub pages cannot be prominent, or there can exist some links pointing to them; however, they supports links to a set of prominent sites on a general topic.Such pages can be lists of recommended connections on single home pages, including recommended reference sites from a course home page, or professionally massed resource documents on commercial sites. Hub pages play an essential role of implicitly conferring authorities on a targeted topic.In general, a good hub is a page that points to several good authorities; a good ... Read More
Document clustering is the important techniques for organizing files in an unsupervised manner. When documents are represented as term vectors, the clustering methods can be applied. The document space is continually of large dimensionality, ranging from various hundreds to thousands.Due to the curse of dimensionality, it makes sense to first project the documents into a lowerdimensional subspace in which the semantic structure of the document space becomes clear. In the low-dimensional semantic areas, the traditional clustering algorithms can be used.There are several methods of document clustering analysis is as follows −Spectral clustering − The spectral clustering method first performs spectral ... Read More
Automated document classification is an essential text mining service because the existence of a tremendous number of on-line files, it is endless yet important to be able to automatically organize such records into classes to support document retrieval and sucessive analysis.Document classification has been used in automated topic tagging (i.e., assigning labels to documents), topic directory construction, and identification of the document writing styles and defining the goals of hyperlinks related to a set of documents.A general procedure is as follows − First, a group of preclassified files is taken as the training set. The training set is analyzed to ... Read More
Statistical spatial data analysis has been a famous techniques to exploring spatial data and analysing geographic data. The term geostatistics is related to continuous geographic area, whereas the term spatial statistics is related to discrete space.In a statistical model that manages non-spatial records, one generally consider statistical independence between different areas of data. However, different from traditional data sets, there is no such independence among spatially distributed data because in reality, spatial objects are often interrelated, or more exactly spatially colocated, in the sense that the closer the two objects are placed, the more possible they share same properties.For instance, ... Read More
A set-valued attribute can be of homogeneous or heterogeneous type. Generally, set-valued information can be generalized byGeneralization of every value in the set to its equivalent higher-level conceptDerivation of the usual behavior of the set, including the multiple elements in the set, the types or value ranges in the set, the weighted average for statistical data, or the major clusters formed by the set.Furthermore, generalization can be implemented by using several generalization operators to analyse alternative generalization paths. In this method, the result of generalization is a heterogeneous set.Example − Suppose that the hobby of a person is a set-valued ... Read More
Tuple ID propagation is an approach for implementing virtual join, which highly improves effectiveness of multirelational classification. Rather than physically joining relations, they are virtually combined by connecting the IDs of target tuples to tuples in non-target relations.In this method the predicates can be computed as if a physical join were implemented. Tuple ID propagation is flexible and effectiveness, because IDs can simply be propagated between some two relations, needing only small amounts of data transfer and more storage space. By doing so, predicates in multiple relations can be computed with small redundant computation.Tuple ID propagation must be enforced with ... Read More