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In C, character arithmetic is defined by char data type. This is used to implement arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction on characters in C language. It is used to manipulate the strings. When the characters are used with the arithmetic operations, it converts them into integer value automatically i.e. ASCII value of characters. Understanding Characters Represention To understand the character represented using char data type then learn the ASCII value (integer) of each character. Some values are provided for the references such as, 'A' has an ASCII value of 65 'B' has an ASCII value of 66 'a' has ... Read More
In C/C++, a wild pointer is a type of pointer that has not been initialized to a valid memory address. It points to memory that has been deallocated and is called a dangling pointer. The pointer behaves like a wild pointer when it is declared but not initialized. That is why, they point to random memory location. Syntax The basic syntax of initializing wild pointer in C/C++: int *ptr; Example of Wild Pointer In this example, we create a pointer arr that doesn't assign it any memory. Then, it tries to print 5 values from it using a loop. ... Read More
In C/C++, we use the header files for accessing functions such as int, char, string, etc. The printf() function of C is also a built-in function that is declared in the "stdio.h" header file and it is used to print any kind of data on the console. C to Print "Hello World" without Header Files The Hello World is the given string that is used in the printf() to get the output. Make sure you don't have any headers to print the result. So, use an argument like (const char *text, ...) that solves the problem. Syntax Below is the ... Read More
In C++, the sizeof() operator is a unary operator which is used to calculate the size of any data type. Implementing sizeof() OperatorWe can use the #define directive to implement a macro that copies the behavior of the sizeof() operator for objects, though it will not be the same as the sizeof() operator. Syntax Following is the syntax of C++ macro to implement the sizeof(): #define any_name(object) (char *)(&object+1) - (char *)(&object) Here, any_name : The name you want to give to your own sizeof() operator. Note: The main benefit of using MACROS is defining by once ... Read More
The "is" operator in Python is an identity operator. This operator checks whether two variables refer to the same object in memory. It returns boolean values as a result. Each object in the computer's memory is assigned a unique identification number (id) by the Python interpreter. Identity operators check if the id() of two objects is the same. The 'is' operator returns false if id() values are different and true if they are the same. Syntax of Python (is) Operator The "is" operator follows the following syntax in Python: variable1 is variable2 The "is" operator ... Read More
The OR and (|) are logical operators in Python. The difference between these two is that OR is a Logical OR operator, and | is a Bitwise OR Operator. Both operators are used to perform different operations. In this article, we will explore the behavior of these operators and their differences. OR Operator in Python The OR operator in Python returns true if one of the operands is true and false if both operands are false. This operator needs two values or operands to perform the operation and return the result. OR Operator Example The following ... Read More
In Java, both abstract and final are class modifiers but they are completely opposite to each other. That's why Java class cannot be both abstract and final. Abstract class An abstract class in Java is a class that may contain both abstract methods (without implementation) and concrete methods (with implementation). If a class has even one abstract method, it must be declared abstract. You cannot create objects of an abstract class directly. If you want to use the concrete method in an abstract class you need to inherit the class, provide implementation to the abstract methods (if any) and ... Read More
Namespace packages is a special package introduced in Python 3.3 that allows you to split package contents across multiple directories. If you didn't include at least an empty _init_.py file in your package, then your package becomes a namespace package. In Python, a namespace package allows you to spread Python code among several projects. This is useful when you want to release related libraries as separate downloads. Currently, there are three methods for developing namespace packages. These methods are mentioned below. Native namespace packages (PEP 420) pkgutil-style Namespace packages ... Read More
When we are working with those Java applications that handle JSON data, it is common that we find different date formats. It might happen that one field contains just the date, while another includes time and date, and even time zone. For handling this type of data Jackson library is very helpful. Jackson is a popular Java library that is used to convert Java objects into JSON and vice versa. And this process is called serialization and deserialization. To handle multiple date formats in a single class, Jackson provides an annotation called @JsonFormat. The@JsonFormat The @JsonFormat annotation helps Jackson ... Read More
What are Namespace Packages? Namespace packages are a type of package in Python that allows you to split the sub-packages and modules within a single package across multiple, separate distribution packages. Unlike normal packages, the namespace packages don't require _init_.py file. Automatically importing all submodules within a namespace package serves several purposes, like auto-registration without manually importing, and to load all available plugins in a system. This article discusses the two methods that you can use to import all the sub-modules of a Python namespace package - Using pkgutil.iter_modules() Using ... Read More