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In Python, you can capture and print exception messages using try and except blocks in multiple ways, such as - Using the as keyword Using the type() function Using the traceback module Exception messages provide details about what went wrong, which is helpful for debugging and error handling. Using the 'as' Keyword You can assign the exception to a variable using the as keyword inside the except block. This allows you to access and print the actual error message. Example: Capturing ZeroDivisionError message In this example, ... Read More
The best way to log Python exceptions is by using the built-in logging module. It helps you track errors and debug your programs by capturing detailed error information. This module allows you to control where the logs are saved and organize them by their importance and source. Using logging.exception() function inside except blocks is an easy way to log errors along with the full traceback. Why Use the logging Module for Exceptions? The logging module allows you to save error messages with details like when they happened and how serious they are. It gives you more control and useful ... Read More
Virtual Functions in Derived ClassesA virtual function is declared using the virtual keyword in the base class and becomes a member function of the base class overridden by the derived class. It becomes virtual in every class which is derived from the base class. So, the keyword virtual is not necessary in the derived class while declaring redefined versions of the virtual base class function. When we use a pointer or reference to the base class to refer to a derived class object, we can call its virtual function. Syntax Following is the syntax of the virtual function in ... Read More
The string library provides several functions to manipulate and match strings. In this article, we will see how the various functions of string library functions can be used to match strings in C++. String Matching in C++ String matching is a process of locating one string in another string. Meaning, here we will find the position of a string inside another string. The string matching functions will return the position of the first occurrence of the substring in the main string. If the substring is not found, it will return a special value such as -1 or string::npos. ... Read More
In Python, the except clause is used to handle exceptions that may occur inside a try block. But what happens if no exceptions are raised? The except block is simply skipped. When No Exceptions Occur If the code inside the try block executes without raising any exceptions, the except block is ignored, and the program continues normally. Example: No exceptions raised In this example, we are performing a simple division that doesn't raise an exception, so the except block does not run - try: result = 10 / 2 print("Division successful:", result) except ZeroDivisionError: ... Read More
In Python, you can create your own custom exception classes to represent specific types of errors in your program. When you raise these custom exceptions, you can also pass an object (like a string or other data) to explain more about what went wrong. This helps make your error messages more useful and detailed. Creating a Custom Exception Class In Python, you can pass an object or any extra information with a custom exception by defining a class that inherits from the built-in Exception class. Inside the custom class, you override the __init__() method to accept additional arguments, and ... Read More
While executing the program, if any statement results in an abnormal value (based on the inputs) where the interpreter doesn't know how to behave. Python throws an exception.In Python, we can also throw or raise an exception manually using the raise keyword. This is helpful when you want to stop the program at a certain point and show that an error has occurred. Using raise to throw a built-in exception You can raise built-in exceptions like ValueError, TypeError, or RuntimeError using the raise statement followed by the exception name and an optional message to explain what went wrong. Example: ... Read More
DFT stands for Discrete Fourier Transform. DFT is a mathematical technique in which we convert the signals of the time domain to their respective signal in the frequency domain, i.e., converting into a list of numbers that tell us which frequencies are present in that signal. Here, by time signal, we mean signals such as audio, temperature, etc that changes over time. The frequency signal means the frequency of each signal present in the time signal. The numbers that tell us which frequencies are present in the signal are called the coefficients. In this article, our task is to compute ... Read More
DFT stands for Discrete Fourier Transform. DFT is a mathematical technique in which we convert the signals of the time domain to their respective signal in the frequency domain, i.e., converting into a list of numbers that tell us which frequencies are present in that signal. Here, by time signal, we mean signals such as audio, temperature, etc. that changes over time. The frequency signal means the frequency of each signal present in the time signal. The numbers that tell us which frequencies are present in the signal are called the coefficients. In this article, our task is to compute ... Read More
In C/C++, a variable name can have alphabets, numbers, and the underscore( _ ) character. There are some keywords in the C/C++ language. Apart from them, everything is treated as an identifier. Identifiers are the names of variables, constants, functions, etc. Why Variables in C/C++ Can't Start with Numbers? In C and C++, variable names (also, known as identifiers) cannot start with a digit due to how the compiler processes code during compilation. First, we need to understand the phases of compilation or compiler. There are seven phases in a typical compiler: Lexical Analysis ... Read More