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EOFError is commonly seen when a program tries to read input, but there is no data left to read. This can happen, for example, when input is redirected from a file or when the user provides no input and presses Ctrl+D (Unix) or Ctrl+Z (Windows). The best way to catch EOFError is by using the try-except block. Below are various ways to handle EOFError properly in Python - Using try-except block with EOFError Using try-except-else block Using try-except-finally block Using try-except Block with EOFError In Python, ... Read More
When an arithmetic operation exceeds the limits of the variable type, an OverflowError is raised. Long integers allocate more space as values grow, so they end up raising MemoryError. Floating point exception handling is not standardized, however. Regular integers are converted to long values as needed. Using try-except to Catch OverflowError You can use a try-except block to catch an OverflowError and prevent your program from crashing when a calculation overflows. Example: Catching an OverflowError In this example, we calculate a very large exponent which can cause an OverflowError on some systems, and catch it - try: ... Read More
In Python, sometimes an except block itself may raise an exception. Handling such exceptions properly is important to make sure that your program does not crash unexpectedly and to maintain clean error handling. Exceptions raised inside an except block can be handled by nesting try-except blocks within it. Exceptions Inside except Blocks An except block is meant to handle errors, but it can also raise exceptions if the code inside it causes errors. You need to handle these secondary exceptions to avoid program termination. Example In this example, the except block tries to divide by zero, which raises a new ... Read More
In Python, you can capture and print exception messages using try and except blocks in multiple ways, such as - Using the as keyword Using the type() function Using the traceback module Exception messages provide details about what went wrong, which is helpful for debugging and error handling. Using the 'as' Keyword You can assign the exception to a variable using the as keyword inside the except block. This allows you to access and print the actual error message. Example: Capturing ZeroDivisionError message In this example, ... Read More
The best way to log Python exceptions is by using the built-in logging module. It helps you track errors and debug your programs by capturing detailed error information. This module allows you to control where the logs are saved and organize them by their importance and source. Using logging.exception() function inside except blocks is an easy way to log errors along with the full traceback. Why Use the logging Module for Exceptions? The logging module allows you to save error messages with details like when they happened and how serious they are. It gives you more control and useful ... Read More
Virtual Functions in Derived ClassesA virtual function is declared using the virtual keyword in the base class and becomes a member function of the base class overridden by the derived class. It becomes virtual in every class which is derived from the base class. So, the keyword virtual is not necessary in the derived class while declaring redefined versions of the virtual base class function. When we use a pointer or reference to the base class to refer to a derived class object, we can call its virtual function. Syntax Following is the syntax of the virtual function in ... Read More
The string library provides several functions to manipulate and match strings. In this article, we will see how the various functions of string library functions can be used to match strings in C++. String Matching in C++ String matching is a process of locating one string in another string. Meaning, here we will find the position of a string inside another string. The string matching functions will return the position of the first occurrence of the substring in the main string. If the substring is not found, it will return a special value such as -1 or string::npos. ... Read More
In Python, the except clause is used to handle exceptions that may occur inside a try block. But what happens if no exceptions are raised? The except block is simply skipped. When No Exceptions Occur If the code inside the try block executes without raising any exceptions, the except block is ignored, and the program continues normally. Example: No exceptions raised In this example, we are performing a simple division that doesn't raise an exception, so the except block does not run - try: result = 10 / 2 print("Division successful:", result) except ZeroDivisionError: ... Read More
In Python, you can create your own custom exception classes to represent specific types of errors in your program. When you raise these custom exceptions, you can also pass an object (like a string or other data) to explain more about what went wrong. This helps make your error messages more useful and detailed. Creating a Custom Exception Class In Python, you can pass an object or any extra information with a custom exception by defining a class that inherits from the built-in Exception class. Inside the custom class, you override the __init__() method to accept additional arguments, and ... Read More
While executing the program, if any statement results in an abnormal value (based on the inputs) where the interpreter doesn't know how to behave. Python throws an exception.In Python, we can also throw or raise an exception manually using the raise keyword. This is helpful when you want to stop the program at a certain point and show that an error has occurred. Using raise to throw a built-in exception You can raise built-in exceptions like ValueError, TypeError, or RuntimeError using the raise statement followed by the exception name and an optional message to explain what went wrong. Example: ... Read More