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Transmission Media
The transmission medium can be defined as a pathway that can transmit information from a sender to a receiver. Transmission media are located below the physical layer and are controlled by the physical layer. Transmission media are also called communication channels.
Transmission media are of two types −
- Guided Transmission Medium
- Unguided Transmission Medium
The following chart categorizes transmission media −
Guided Transmission Medium
Guided transmission media are also called bounded media or wired media. They comprise cables or wires through which data is transmitted. They are called guided since they provide a physical conduit from the sender device to the receiver device. The signal traveling through these media are bounded by the physical limits of the medium.
The most popular guided media are −
- Twisted pair cable
- Coaxial cable
- Power lines
- Fiber optics
Unguided Transmission Medium
Unguided transmission media are also called wireless media. They transport data in the form of electromagnetic waves that do not require any cables for transmission. These media are bounded by geographical boundaries. These type of communication is commonly referred to as wireless communications.
Unguided signals can travel in three ways −
- Ground propagation
- Sky propagation
- Line – of – sight propagation
The commonly used unguided transmissions are −
- Radio transmission
- Microwave transmission
- Infrared transmission
- Light transmission
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