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Write an example program on structure using C language
The structure is a collection of different datatype variables, grouped together under a single name Syntax.
Declaration and initialization of structures
The general form of structure declaration is as follows −
datatype member1;
struct tagname{
datatype member2;
datatype member n;
};Here, struct - keyword
tagname - specifies name of structure
member1, member2 - specifies the data items that makeup structure.
Example
struct book{
int pages;
char author [30];
float price;
};Structure variables
There are three ways of declaring structure variables. They are as follows −
1) struct book{
int pages;
char author[30];
float price;
}b;
2) struct{
int pages;
char author[30];
float price;
}b;
3) struct book{
int pages;
char author[30];
float price;
};
struct book b;Initialization and accessing of structures
The link between a member and a structure variable is established using the member operator (or) dot operator.
Initialization can be done in the following ways −
Method 1
struct book{
int pages;
char author[30];
float price;
} b = {100, “balu", 325.75};Method 2
struct book{
int pages;
char author[30];
float price;
};
struct book b = {100, “balu", 325.75};Method 3 (using member operator)
struct book{
int pages;
char author[30];
float price;
} ;
struct book b;
b. pages = 100;
strcpy (b.author, “balu");
b.price = 325.75;Method 4 (using scanf function)
struct book{
int pages;
char author[30];
float price;
} ;
struct book b;
scanf (“%d", &b.pages);
scanf (“%s", b.author);
scanf (“%f", &b. price);We can print the contents of either of the above structures in the main method as shown below −
main ( ){
struct book b;
clrscr ( );
printf ( "enter no of pages, author, price of book");
scanf ("%d%s%f", &b.pages, b.author, &b.price);
printf("Details of book are");
printf("pages =%d, author = %s, price = %f", b.pages, b.author, b.price);
getch();
}Example
Following is another example of structures −
#include<stdio.h>
struct aaa{
struct aaa *prev;
int i;
struct aaa *next;
};
main(){
struct aaa abc,def,ghi,jkl;
int x=100;
abc.i=0;
abc.prev=&jkl;
abc.next=&def;
def.i=1;
def.prev=&abc;
def.next=&ghi;
ghi.i=2;ghi.prev=&def;
ghi.next=&jkl;
jkl.i=3;
jkl.prev=&ghi;
jkl.next=&abc;
x=abc.next->next->prev->next->i;
printf("%d",x);
}Output
2
Updated on: 05-Mar-2021
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