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Understanding CSS Visual Formatting
The CSS Visual Formatting is a model corresponding to an algorithm which processes and transforms each element of the document to generate one or more boxes that conform to the CSS Box Model.
The layout of generated boxes depends on several properties such as −
Dimensions
Type − atomic inline-level, block, inline, or inline-block
Positioning − absolute, float, or normal
Relation with child and neighbour elements of document
External Information − viewport’s and image’s width - height, etc.
CSS Box Generation of processed elements −
Block level
These elements force line break above and below themselves and take up the available whole width even though their content doesn’t require it.
For example: Divisions (<div>), Heading (<h1> to <h6>), etc.
Inline level
These elements do not force line break above and below themselves and take up only the required width for the content.
For example − Spans (<span>), Strong element (<strong>)
Block Level box Generation
These elements force line break above and below themselves and take up the available whole width even though their content doesn’t require it. Let us see an example −
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Heading</title>
<style>
form {
width:70%;
margin: 0 auto;
text-align: center;
}
* {
padding: 2px;
margin:5px;
}
input[type="button"] {
border-radius: 10px;
}
#headingPreview h2{
background-color: #DC3545;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<fieldset>
<legend>HTML Heading</legend>
<input type="text" id="textSelect" placeholder="Type Heading Here...">
<div id="radioBut">
<label>H1</label><input class="radio" type="radio" name="heading" value="h1" checked >
<label>H2</label><input class="radio" type="radio" name="heading" value="h2">
<label>H3</label><input class="radio" type="radio" name="heading" value="h3">
<label>H4</label><input class="radio" type="radio" name="heading" value="h4">
<label>H5</label><input class="radio" type="radio" name="heading" value="h5">
<label>H6</label><input class="radio" type="radio" name="heading" value="h6">
</div>
<div>Heading Preview: <span id="headingPreview">Output will show up here</span></div>
<input type="button" onclick="changeHeading()" value="Preview">
</fieldset>
</form>
<script>
var textSelect = document.getElementById("textSelect");
var headingPreview = document.getElementById("headingPreview");
function changeHeading() {
if(textSelect.value === '')
headingPreview.innerHTML = 'Write a Heading';
else{
for(var i=0; i<6; i++){
var radInp = document.getElementsByClassName('radio')[i];
if(radInp.checked === true && textSelect.value !== ''){
headingPreview.innerHTML = '<'+radInp.value+'>'+textSelect.value+'</'+radInp.value+'>';
headingPreview.innerHTML += '<'+radInp.value+'>'+textSelect.value+'</'+radInp.value+'>';
}
}
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Inline Level box Generation
These elements do not force line break above and below themselves and take up only the required width for the content. Let’s see an example for inline level box generation −
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>em element</title>
<style>
form {
width:70%;
margin: 0 auto;
text-align: center;
}
* {
padding: 2px;
margin:5px;
}
input[type="button"] {
border-radius: 10px;
}
em{
background-color: #FF8A00;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<fieldset>
<legend>em-element</legend>
<label for="textSelect">Formatter: </label>
<input id="textSelect" type="text" placeholder="John Doe">
<input type="button" onclick="convertItalic()" value="Check">
<div id="divDisplay"></div>
</fieldset>
</form>
<script>
var divDisplay = document.getElementById("divDisplay");
var textSelect = document.getElementById("textSelect");
function convertItalic() {
for(i=0; i<2; i++){
var italicObject = document.createElement("EM");
var italicText = document.createTextNode(textSelect.value);
italicObject.appendChild(italicText);
divDisplay.appendChild(italicObject);
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
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