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Sum of the series Kn + ( K(n-1) * (K-1)1 ) + ( K(n-2) * (K-1)2 ) + ... (K-1)n in C++
In the problem, we are ginen two number k and n of the series K^n + ( K^(n-1) * (K-1)^1 ) + ( K^(n-2) * (K-1)^2 ) + ... (K-1)^n. Our task is to create a program to find the sum of the series.
Let’s take an example to understand the problem,
Input: n = 3, k = 4 Output: 175 Explanation: Sum of the series is = 4^3 + ( (4^2)*(3^1) ) + ( (4^1)*(3^2) ) + ( (4^0)*(3^3) ) = 64 + 48 + 36 + 27 = 175
A simple way to solve the problem, is using a for loop. Find each term of the series and add the value to the sum.
Algorithm
initialise sum = 0; Step 1: for i -> 0 to n. Step 1.1: update sum: sum += pow(k, n-i) * pow(k, i) Step 2: return sum.
Example
Program to illustrate the working of our solution,
#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;
int calcSeriesSum(int k, int n) {
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
int p = pow(k, n-i) * pow((k-1), i);
sum = sum + p;
}
return sum;
}
int main() {
int n = 4;
int K = 2;
cout<<"Sum of the series is "<<calcSeriesSum(K, n);
}Output
Sum of the series is 31
This solution is not efficient and takes time of the order n.
An efficient solution will be finding the general formula for the sum of the series.
The series K^n + ( K^(n-1) * (K-1)^1 ) + ( K^(n-2) * (K-1)^2 ) + ... (K-1)^n Forms a geometric progression. The common ration of this progression is (k-1)/k and the first term is k^n. sum = K^n + ( K^(n-1) * (K-1)^1 ) + ( K^(n-2) * (K-1)^2 ) + ... (K-1)^n sum = kn(1 + (k-1)/k + (k-1)2/k2 + … + (k-1)n) sum = ((kn)(1 - ( (k-1)(n+1))/k(n+1))) / (1 - ((k-1)/k)) sum = kn ( (k(n+1) - (k-1)(n+1))/k(n+1) ) / ( (k - (k-1))/k ) sum = kn ( (k(n+1) - (k-1)(n+1))/k(n+1) ) / (1/k) sum = kn ( (k(n+1) - (k-1)(n+1))/k(n+1) ) * k sum = ( k(n+1) - (k-1)(n+1) )
Example
Program to illustrate the working of our solution,
#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;
int calcSeriesSum(int k, int n) {
return ( pow(k,(n+1)) - pow((k-1),(n+1)) );
;
}
int main() {
int n = 4;
int K = 2;
cout<<"Sum of the series is "<<calcSeriesSum(K, n);
}Output
Sum of the series is 31
Updated on: 17-Aug-2020
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